高中英语重点词汇辨析和搭配使用Lesson1名词A讲义素材-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

高中英语重点词汇辨析和搭配使用 Lesson 1 名词 A ability, aptitude, capability, capacity 这几个词都有“能力”的意思。 ability 主要指行动的能力，从事体力或脑力劳动的能力，还可指通过学习所获得的能力，但有时用复数形式特指天生的资质，专门的才干或才能，如：natural abilities ‖ a man with manifold abilities。通常后接动词不定式或介词in/for，如：The students acquired in two hours the ability to operate the milling machine.常见动词搭配有：appreciate/recognize sb's ability ‖ demonstrate/display/exhibit/show one's ability。 aptitude 多指自然的天生的一种能力倾向或特殊的天生适应技巧。用法搭配通常是have an aptitude for（doing）sth.，表示“有…的才能”，如：Edison had a great aptitude for invention of new things. ‖ He has an aptitude for learning languages. capability 与 ability 的意思大体相同，但有时可指尚未发挥的才能或未显露的潜在能力，常后接介词of/for, capability of后通常接主动意义的动作，而capability for后既可接被动意义的动作，也可接动词不定式，如：The facts have proved that they all have the capability of solving（to solve）practical problems. ‖ A metal has the capability for being（to be）fused. capacity 主要指容纳或吸收的能力，学习和理解的能力，可以用于人，也可用于物。后面接介词of/for，或接动词不定式，如：Do you think it's within his capacity to do the job without making a mess of it ‖ Our classroom has a seating capacity of 40. access 指进入（或接近）的机会（或权力），进入权，通道，途径。 access 在使用中通常不跟冠词，介词常用to，但是如表示具体的路径，则要用定冠词，如：The only access to the building is along that muddy track.其常用的动词搭配有：gain/get/have access to，如：The senator has access to the President. ‖ The company was first given access to government credit. accessory, addition, appendix 这三个词都可用来表示对主体的增加或附加，但词义有差异。 accessory 通常指非必需的但对主体的外貌、功能、适用性或方便性等能起到作用或提高效率而增加的附件或配件，如女性的手提包、鞋、手套、帽子和项链、耳环等饰品，也可指汽车的收音机、冷气装置、自行车的灯、打气筒等配件。单复数形式都可使用，如：auto/skiing accessories ‖ a fashion accessory。若要表示“…上的配件”，可与介词to/of/for搭配，如：Accessories for the top-of-the-range car include leather upholstery, a compact disc player, electric windows and a sunroof. ‖ A luggage-carrier is a useful accessory to a bicycle. addition 在不可数形式情况下通常指“增加”或“加（法）”，如：The addition of more water resulted in the rot of the plant roots.其可数形式常指“增加的人或物”，与介词to连用，如：They've just had an addition to the family.常用的词组有：in addition此外，并且‖in addition to除…之外，如：He speaks French in addition to English。 appendix 指附加到本身已经（相对而言）完整的内容上的那部分材料（如插图、补充内容、文件引证等），以使原来的内容更丰富，更有效。复数形式为appendixes或appendices，表示“…的附录”，常与介词to连用，如：There are two appendices to the book. accident, episode, event, incident, occurrence 这组词都可指“事件”。 accident 多指意外的不测之事，常导致不良的后果，如：an awful/a dreadful acci ... ...