2026年中考英语语法复习讲义之定语从句（原卷版+解析版）

定语从句 定语从句是九年级语法的核心考点，掌握它能大幅提升句子复杂度和写作得分，核心在于理清 “先行词” 与 “关系词” 的匹配逻辑。 ○导 ○入 定语的定义：定语是置于名词或代词前修饰或限定的句子成分 如：Angry bird, a beautiful girl 我们先来看下面两个句子： I'm looking for the photos that you took in Beijing. We're talking about countries that we want to visit. 一、定语从句基础概念 （先理解，再应用） 1 定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。 先行词：被定语从句修饰的那个名词或代词称为先行词。 关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。 ①关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, ②关系副词：where, when, why 等。 关系词常有三个作用：引导定语从句；代替先行词；在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分。 例如：Harry Potter is the most interesting novel that I have read. (that I have read 是定语从句；novel 是先行词；that 是关系代词，代替先行词 novel，在从句中作宾语。) 【注】: 关系代词在句中充当主语、宾语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。 【活学活用】找出下列句子中的定语从句。 1.Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said 2.The first thing that my brother is going to do this afternoon is to study physics. 3.He was watching the children and parcels that filled with the car. 4.This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. 5.I still remember the day when our new school was built. 二、核心关系词用法（九年级高频考点） 九年级重点掌握： 关系代词 和 关系副词 ，两者的核心 区别是：关系代词在从句中作主语 / 宾语，关系副词作状语。 1. 关系代词（重点！占 90% 考点） 关系代词 指代对象 在从句中作用 例句 that 人 / 物 主语 / 宾语 He is the boy that helped me.（主语，指人） （重点） This is the pen that I lost.（宾语，指物，可省略） which 物 主语 / 宾语 The book which is on the desk is mine.（主语） （重点） I bought a bag which costs 100 yuan.（宾语，可省略） who 人 主语 / 宾语 The girl who sits next to me is Lucy.（主语） （重点） Do you know the man who we met yesterday （宾语，可省略） whom 人 宾语 The teacher whom you talked to is my uncle.（宾语，可省略，常 被 who 替代） whose 人 / 物 定语（表所属） This is the student whose mother is a doctor.（指人，“…… 的”） 巧记：前名后名 I saw a house whose windows are red.（指物，“…… 的”） 【易错提醒】： 2 以下情况只能用 that （1）先行词是 all, much, anything, something, nothing 等不定代词。 如 I have something that I want to tell you. （2）当先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级时，有 the only, the very,the last 等修饰时。 如：The wind blew down the tallest tree _____ is in front of our school gate. This is the very thing _____ I was looking for. This is the second novel _____ I have ever read. （3）先行词既有指人又有指物。 如 The man and his dog that passed by are my neighbors. （4）主句是以 who/which 开头的特殊疑问句时。 如：Who is the man _____ is reading under the tree 2. 关系副词（重点记 “先行词类型”） （1）where：先行词是 “地点”（如 place, school, city），在从句中作地点状语。 例句：This is the school where I studied.（= where = in which， ... ...