非谓语动词--to do（动词不定式） 时态 一般式 完成式 进行式 主动语态 to do to have done to be doing 被动语态 to be done to have been done 一、不定式的功能 做主语： To see is to believe./ Seeing is believing. To err is human. To finish this job in one day is impossible. 当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，将不定式放到谓语的后面。 It is very interesting to play in the snow in winter. It took me two hours to finish my homework. 做表语：（表示将来的动作或起解释说明的作用） His hope /aim/dream is to go to a key university. My suggestion is to put off the activity. 做宾语： I decided to be a doctor when I graduate. 下列动词只能用动词不定式作宾语： agree,choose,decide,determine,aim,plan,intend,want,hope,wish,expect,long,learn,manage,afford, offer,promise,fail,pretend,prepare, fear,happen,refuse,demand,would like... 接to do/doing意义不同的动词： remember to do 记得将要做某事 remember doing 记得已经做过某事 forget to do 忘记要去做某事 forget doing 忘记已经做过某事 go on to do 继续做另一件事 go on doing 继续做正在做的事 stop to do 停下来去做另一件事 stop doing 停止做某事 mean to do 打算做某事 mean doing 意味着做某事 regret to do 遗憾要去做某事 regret doing 后悔做过某事 try to do 努力做某事 try doing 尝试做某事 can’t help to do 不能帮助做某事 can’t help doing 情不自禁做某事 有时it做形式宾语，将不定式放到谓语的后面。常用于此句型：主语+动词+it+宾补+to do 能用于该结构的动词有feel、find、think、believe、consider、make等 I think it foolish to do such things. Spending too much time online makes it very difficult to focus on other things in life. 做定语： 在序数词、形容词最高级或 the only/ the first / the next等后，常用不定式作定语 He is always the first to come and the last to leave. 做宾语补足语: v+宾+to do 如下动词: ask, tell, order,beg,permit,allow,invite, remind,advise,persuade,cause,drive, request,warn, encourage, prefer, inspire, force,warn,forbid ...常用此结构。 My teacher encouraged me to study abroad. The kind-hearted man inspired us to help others. 做状语: 目的状语 To learn a foreign language well, you must try your best. 也可用in order to/ so as to但so as 不能放在句首 The doctors gave her a general checkup so as to / in order to find out the cause of her illness. 结果状语常用于此句型: 主语+be+形容词+to do His telephone number is easy to remember. We're quite glad to meet you here. 另外only to do表出乎意料的结果 He rushed to the station, only to find the last train had left. 特别提醒：现在分词(短语)作结果状语多表示顺其自然的结果,即句子和结果状语之间有一定的因果关系。 Jack has made great progress, making his parents very happy. 评注性状语 To be honest, I made a big mistake last night. 类似的还有: To tell you the truth, ... 说实话 To be honest/frank,... 说实话 To begin/start with, ... 首先 To sum up,... 总而言之 To put it another way, ... 换句话说 To make matters worse, ... 更糟的是 To be short/brief, ... 简而言之 Needless to say, ... 不用说 二、不定式的时态和语态 （1）进行式：to be doing不定式的动作正在发生 . The boy pretended to be studying ... ...
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