Section Ⅲ Grammar ——— 动词-ing形式 ①Learning without thinking leads to confusion； thinking without learning ends in danger. ②Being exposed to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin. ③I’m sorry for having kept you waiting so long. ④Seeing that she was going off to sleep， I asked if she’d like that little doll on her bed. ⑤Some teachers might be angry for not having been informed in advance. 【我的发现】 1.动词-ing形式在句中可以作 语、 语和 语等。 2.动词-ing形式的否定形式是直接在前面加 。 3.动词-ing形式有 四种。 一、 概念 形式 所作句子成分 意义 （not） doing 主语、宾语、表语；定语、状语、宾语补足语 主动 （not） having done 宾语；状语 主动 being done 主语、宾语；后置定语（表示正在被做） 被动 having been done 宾语；状语 被动 【即时演练1】 用所给动词的适当形式填空 ①（2024·新课标Ⅱ卷） （recall） watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion， Edmondson said， “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang’s play was being performed.” ②（2023·全国乙卷） （visit） several times over the last 10 years， I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new， and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage （遗产） while constantly growing. 二、用法 1.作状语 （1）doing表示主动的动作，可以表示原因、条件、伴随等。作结果状语时，表示顺理成章的结果。 Finding her car stolen， she hurried to a policeman for help. 发现车被偷了，她匆忙向警察求助。 （2）having done表示主动，该动作发生在主句谓语动词之前。 Having realised that I could use a kite to attract lightning， I decided to do an experiment. 意识到可以用风筝来吸引闪电，我决定做个试验。 （3）having been done表示被动、完成的动作。 Having been separated from other continents for millions of years， Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.澳大利亚长期与大陆分离，有世界上许多其他国家没有的动植物。 【即时演练2】 完成句子 ①The bushes and maple trees outside their windows were red， gold， and orange， and there was frost on the ground， in Canada. 窗外的灌木丛和枫树林呈红色、金色和橘黄色，地面盖着一层霜，表明加拿大已进入秋季。 ② any reply， he decided to write again. 没有收到任何回复，他决定再写一封信。 2.作定语 （1）doing表示主动的动作，如果是动词-ing短语，要置于所修饰的名词之后。 （2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）During the class， I painted a landscape featuring the towering green trees and the clear blue sky. 课上，我画了一幅风景画———高耸的绿树和清澈的蓝天。 （2）being done作后置定语，表示被动且正在进行的动作。 The question being discussed at the meeting now is very important. 正在会议上讨论的问题很重要。 【即时演练3】 完成句子 ①Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV； there are pictures instead of befor ... ...
