
定语从句 定语从句是在复合句中充当定语的从句,修饰名词或代词,又称形容词性从句 一、结构 结构:(主句+先行词)+(关系词+从句) 先行词是被定语从句修饰的名词或代词,一般出现在定语从句之前 关系词是引导定语从句的词,放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用 I love the book that you bought yesterday. 我喜欢你昨天买的这本书 先行词 关系词 二、关系词 引导定语从句的关系词必须与先行词进行逻辑上的匹配(指人或指物),在从句中充当成分(在从句中作主语、宾语或表语) 关系词分为关系代词和关系副词,常见关系代词that , which , who (宾格 whom , 所有格whose )在从句中充当句子成分,关系副词 where , when, why在从句中作状语 关系词 先行词所指 从句中所作成分 关系代词 that 人/物 主语/宾语 which 物 主语/宾语 who 人 主语/宾语 whom 人 宾语 whose 人的/物的 定语(...的) 关系副词 where 地点 地点状语 when 时间 时间状语 why 原因 原因状语 1.that引导定语从句 that既可指人, 又可指物, 在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略, 作宾语可省略 The film that tells an adventure is very interesting. (that作主语) 这个讲述冒险的电影很有趣 The book (that) you lent me is interesting. (that作宾语) 你借给我的书很有趣 注意:that在定语从句中作主语时,谓语动词的单复数要与先行词保持一致(主谓一致) I prefer shoes that are comfortable. 我更喜欢舒适的鞋子 I have a friend that plays the guitar. 我有个弹吉他的朋友 2.which引导定语从句 which不可指人, 只可指物, 在从句中作主语或宾语 The book which tells an adventure inspires me.(which作主语) 这本讲述冒险的书启发了我 The book which I like best is on the table.(which作宾语) 我最喜欢的这本书在桌子上 3.who引导定语从句 who只可指人,在从句中作主语或宾语(口语) The woman who helped me is my teacher.(who作主语) 帮助我的那个女人是我的老师 The men who I met yesterday is my teacher.(who作宾语) 我昨天遇见的那个男人是我的老师 4.whom引导定语从句 whom是who的宾格形式,只可指人,在从句中作宾语,比who作宾语更正式 The men whom I met yesterday is my teacher.(whom作宾语) 5.whose引导定语从句 whose是who的所有格形式,既可指人,又可指物,在从句中作定语 The girl whose mother is an engineer works hard. (whose指人) 这个妈妈是工程师的女孩学习很努力 The house whose windows are broken is empty. (whose指物) 这栋窗户破了的房子是空的 注意:定语从句中关系代词的省略 无论定语从句修饰的是人还是物,引导词that、which、who、whom在从句中作宾语时可省略 The film(that/which)we watched yesterday is boring. 我们昨天看的那部电影很无聊 The scientist(who/whom)we interviewed won the prize. 我们采访的那位科学家获奖了 6.where(=介词+which)引导定语从句 This is the place where I stayed last year. 这是我去年待的地方 This is the place in which I stayed last year. 7.when(=介词+which)引导定语从句 I still remember the day when I first met you. 我仍记得与你初遇的那一天 I still remember the day on which I first met you. 8.why(=for+which)引导定语从句 Please tell me the reason why you were late. 请告诉我你迟到的理由 Please tell me the reason for which you were late. 三、关系词的特殊用法 先行词是物时,定语从句通常可由that或which引导,但有些情况只能用that或只能用which 1.关系词只能用that,不能用which(疑代序双特 ... ...
~~ 您好,已阅读到文档的结尾了 ~~