Unit6 Seasons grammar-integration知识点讲义＋练习（无答案）译林版（2024）八年级英语上册

8A Unit 6 Seasons 第3课时 Grammar 语法讲解：动词和五种基本句型（句子结构） 一个句子的基本成分是主语(Subiect)、谓语(Verb)和宾语(Object)。 动词可分为实义动词（vi.和vt.）和连系动词（linking v.）等。连系动词又分为:①be动词，②五感（feel觉得，look看起来，smell闻起来，sound听起来，taste尝起来），③三保四变（stay、keep保持，remain保持不变，become成为，get变，grow长成为，turn变），④seem好像。等等 成分 功能 例句 核心 成分 主语 Subject 句子的主体，谓语动作的发出者。陈述句:一般放在句首 Birds fly in the sky.(名词充当) She is my classmate. (代词充当) About twenty know the secret.(数词充当主语) Learning English well is very important. (v-ing短语<动名词短语>充当) To finish the task will take a long time.(动词不定式短语充当) 谓语 Verb 句子的核心，主语发出的行为。陈述句:一般放在主 语之后 Lily can play the piano well.(及物动词充当) He gets up early. (不及物动词短语充当) Look at the blackboard.(及物动词短语充当) 宾语 Object 谓语动作的承受者。放在动词或介词之后 Louis has made the view clear. (名词充当) We like him very much. (代词充当) He taught himself English at the age of ten. (代词充当) He wants to play football after class.(动词不定式短语充当) He likes playing basketball.(v-ing短语<动名词短语>充当) 直接宾语Direct Object(缩写：DO)和间接宾语Indirect Object(缩写：IO) 表语 Predicative 描述主语的身份 或状态。放在系动 词之后 She is my classmate. (名词充当) We were quite clam/excited when it happened.(形容词/过去分词充当) His telephone number is 13188885555.(数词充当) The shop is on the right.(介词短语充当) Her job is selling computers.(v-ing短语<动名词短语>充当) His dream is to be a doctor.(动词不定式短语充当) 宾语补足语 用来补充说明宾语的意义。一般置于宾语之后 We elected Jack as our monitor yesterday. 昨天我们选了杰克做我们的班长。 简单句的五种基本句型： (1)主语+谓语动词(S+V)。如：My left leg hurts.我左腿疼。 S V 该句型的英文名称为 Subject+Verb，简称：S+V。大多数动词既可以作及物动词，也可以作不及物动词，纯不及物动词很少。常见的有 arrive、come、die、disappear、happen、rise 等。 例：They are working. 他们在工作。 (2)主语+谓语动词+宾语(S+V+O)。如：They like English。他们喜欢英语。 S V O 该句型的英文名称为 Subject+Verb+Object，简称：S+V+O。 例：Kate returned the bike (on time). (3)主语+连系动词十表语(S+V+P)。如：He looks young。他看上去很年轻。 S V P 该句型的英文名称为 Subject+Verb+Predicative，简称：S+V+P。常见的系动词见上面概括。 例：The room is small. 房间很小。 例：The food tastes delicious. 这个食物尝起来不错。 (4)主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO)。如：My uncle bought me a new bike。 S V IO DO（direct object） 该句型的英文名称为 Subject+Verb+Indirect Object+Direct Object，简称：S+V+IO+DO。 间接宾语一般是有生命的；直接宾语一般是物。 例：My father bought me a birthday present.=My father bought a birthday present for me.我爸爸给我买了一份生日礼物。 （重难点）一般情况下，间宾在直宾前。有时，间宾也可在直宾后。此时，间宾前要加to（给）或for(替，为)。 ①和to连用的可以跟双宾语的动词有：bring，give，hand，lend, offer, pass, read, sell, send, show, take, teach, tell ... ...