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课件网) UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS [课文批注] JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA” 约翰·斯诺战胜“霍乱王” Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world， until a British doctor， John Snow， showed how it could be overcome. This illness causes severe diarrhoea， dehydration， and even death. In the early 19th century， when an outbreak of cholera hit Europe， millions of people died from the disease. As a young doctor， John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. In time， he rose to become a famous doctor， and even attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth. However， he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all. 直到英国医生约翰·斯诺（向人们）展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最 令人恐惧的疾病之一。这种疾病可引起严重腹泻、脱水甚至死亡。十九世纪初，霍乱 暴发，肆虐欧洲，数百万人丧命。由于当时没有人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱，年轻的 约翰·斯诺医生很沮丧。后来，他成了一位名医，甚至在维多利亚女王分娩时照顾过 她。然而，他始终没有放弃彻底根除霍乱的愿望。 In general， doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread. One theory was that bad air caused the disease. The other was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water. Snow subscribed to the second theory. It was correct， but he still needed proof. Consequently， when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854， Snow began to investigate. He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why. 关于霍乱的蔓延方式，当时医生大体上有两种截然不同的理论来解析。一种理论 是空气污染引发疾病。另一种是食物或饮用水中的细菌感染导致霍乱。斯诺赞同第二 种看法。这一看法是正确的，但他仍需要证据。因此，1854年伦敦暴发霍乱时，斯诺 便开始调查。他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重，以至于十天内就有500多人死 亡。他决心查明原因。 Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived. There were multiple deaths near the water pump in Broad Street （especially house numbers 16， 37， 38， and 40）. However， some households （such as 20 and 21 Broad Street， and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street） had had no deaths. These people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer， and so had not drunk the water from the pump. Snowsuspected that the water pump was to blame. What is more， in another part of London， a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving away from Broad Street. It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. As a result of this evidence， John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Accordingly， he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.Through this intervention， the disease was stopped in its tracks. 斯诺首先在地图上标 ... ...
