【高考突破方案】语法第十讲 情态动词与虚拟语气 高考一轮总复习英语 （教师版） 译林版

第10讲　情态动词与虚拟语气 情态动词 Ⅰ.常见的情态动词 情态动词 词义 否定式 缩略否定式 can/could 能；能够；可能 can/could not can't/couldn't may/might 可以；也许 may/might not mayn't/mightn't must 必须；一定 must not mustn't should 应该 should not shouldn't ought to 应当 ought not to oughtn't to shall 可；必将 shall not shan't will/would 愿意；决心 will/would not won't/wouldn't need 需要 need not needn't dare 敢 dare not daren't Ⅱ.情态动词的用法 情态动词 用法 例句 can/could ①can表示现在具有某种能力或技能，意为“能，会” ②could表示过去一般性能力 ③表示请求允许。在一般疑问句中，could 可代替can, 但语气更委婉，答语要用can ④用于固定句型中：can't…too/enough(无论……也不为过)；can't help doing sth.(禁不住做某事)；can't help but do sth.(不得不做某事) ；can not/could not but do sth.(不得不做某事) ①Tom can speak English. ②Tom could sing English songs when he was 6. ③—Can/Could you help me —Yes, I can. ④I can't praise him too much. I couldn't but give it up. may/might ①may表示请求或允许，“可以”。might表示请求时语气更为委婉。might是may的过去式，常用于间接引语 ②may、might表示推测，用于肯定句，“可能”；用于否定句，may not“可能不”；表“不可能”，用can't ③may表祝愿，其结构为：May＋主语＋do ④固定句型：may/might as well do(不妨，还是做……为好)；may/might well do＝be very likely to do(很有可能做……) ①May I help you She said I might visit her at any time. ②This coat may be Tom's. This coat may not be Tom's. This coat can't be Tom's. ③May you succeed! ④So you might as well go there and have a look at it. must ①表必要性，“必须”，否定式为needn't/don't have to ②mustn't 表禁止，“不准” ③表坚持，“偏要，非要” ④表推断，用于肯定句，“一定，准是” ①—Must I come before 8∶00 a. m. —Yes, you must./No, you needn't./No, you don't have to. ②You mustn't smoke here. ③Must you say like this ④You must be tired after such a long walk. shall ①表示征求对方意见或请求，用于第一、三人称的疑问句中 ②用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示说话者的意志，用来表示说话者给对方的命令、警告、允诺等。在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示义务或规定，“应该，必须” ①Shall I go now ②You shall have a bicycle for your birthday. Every student shall obey these rules. should ①相当于ought to，“应该”，表义务上的应该，也可表推测上的“按说应该” ②“竟然”，表说话人的惊讶、难以置信等情绪 ③用作shall 的过去式，表示打算或期望做的事 ①You should turn in your homework on time. He should be arrive by now. ②It's strange that he should fail the exam. ③I knew that we should have a meeting the next day. will/would ①用于各种人称，表示主语的意愿和意志 ②用于第二人称的一般疑问句，表请求 ③will用来叙述目前的习惯；would表示过去的习惯 ①He will come to help you. ②Will/Would you go with me ③He would stay up late into the night. need/dare ①need和dare用作情态动词时，主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中，没有人称和数的变化，后接动词要用动词原形 ②need和dare用作实义动词时，后接动词要用不定式，有人称和数的变化，在肯定句、否定句和疑问句中都可以使用，并且need作实义动词“需要”解释，后接动名词相 ... ...