【高考突破方案】语法第十四讲 倒装与省略 高考一轮总复习英语 （教师版） 译林版

第14讲　倒装与省略 倒装 Ⅰ.倒装的概念：按“主语＋谓语”这种顺序排列的句子是陈述语序。如果将句中某个成分移至句首而引起主语和谓语顺序的颠倒，使句子的排列顺序变成“谓语(或谓语的一部分)＋主语”，就是倒装句。 倒装有两种情况：部分倒装和完全倒装。英语句子的倒装，一是语法结构的需要，二是表示强调。 Ⅱ.部分倒装：部分倒装是把be动词、情态动词、助动词放到主语之前。如果句子中没有这些词，要在主语之前加助动词do/does/did等，而把原来的谓语动词变成原形放在主语之后。 情况 例句 little、few、never、not、no、seldom、neither、nor、rarely、hardly、scarcely、nowhere、no sooner、not only、in no way、at no time、by no means、under no circumstances、in no case、on no condition等表示否定或半否定的单词或短语位于句首时 Little does he care about what I said. Never have I found him so happy. Not a word did I say to him. I can't swim. Neither can he. No sooner had he gone to bed than he fell asleep. “only＋状语（从句）”放在句首时 Only by this means is it possible to explain it. Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work. ★如果only后面不是状语，则不用倒装 Only Wang Ling knows this. so/such…that 从句中，当“so＋adj./adv.”或“such＋n.”位于句首时 So exhausted was she that she wanted to have a rest. 表示前者出现的肯定情况也适用于后者时，用“so＋be/助动词/情态动词＋主语” Mary likes singing. So does Lily. “not only＋分句，but (also)＋分句”句型中的前一分句要部分倒装 Not only does John love Chinese, but he is also good at speaking it. not until放在句首，从句不倒装，主句倒装 Not until last week did they find the lost bike. Not until my son had entered the university did he realize the importance of time. as/though引导的让步状语从句 Tired though he was(＝Though he was tired), he kept on running. Child as he is, he knows a lot.（child前没有冠词a） 在以often、well、many a time、now and again等方式或频度副词（短语）开头的句子中，要用部分倒装结构 Often have we met on the way to work. Many a time has John given me good advice. 在非真实条件句中，省去if，将谓语中were、had、should移至主语之前 Were I you (＝ If I were you), I would go to see the movie. Had I time (＝ If I had time), I would go and help you. Should he come (＝If he should come), tell him to ring me up. 　　Ⅲ.完全倒装：整个谓语移至主语前面叫完全倒装。 情况 例句 there be存在句中的be动词可以用exist、seem、happen、appear、live、rise、stand、lie、fly、remain等动词代替 There exist different opinions on this question. There stood a big tree in front the house. here、there、now、then、up、down、in、away、out等表示时间、地点和动作转移的副词位于句首，主语是名词而不是代词时，用完全倒装。（此时，句子多用一般现在时态或一般过去时态） Here goes the story. Then came the hour we had been looking forward to. Up jumped the cat. ★Here you are. such作表语置于句首时 Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man but the 20th century greatest scientist. on the wall、under the tree、in front of the house、in the middle of the room等表示地点的介词短语位于句首，主语是名词而不是代词时，用完全倒装 On the top of the hill stands ... ...