【高考突破方案】语法第八讲 被动语态 高考一轮总复习英语 （教师版） 译林版

第8讲　被动语态 Ⅰ.被动语态的用法说明 时态 被动语态结构 情态动词的被动结构 一般现在时 am/is/are＋done can/could/may/might/should/would/ought to be＋done 一般过去时 was/were＋done 一般将来时 will/shall be＋done 过去将来时 would/should be＋done 现在进行时 am/is/are being＋done 过去进行时 was/were being＋done 现在完成时 have/has been＋done 过去完成时 had been＋done 将来进行时 will/shall be being＋done 将来完成时 will/shall have been＋done 现在完成进行时 has/have been being＋done Ⅱ.使用被动语态时要注意的问题 注意事项 例句 只有及物动词(短语)才有被动语态，不及物动词(短语)无被动语态。常见的不及物动词(短语)有appear、disappear、die、end、happen、occur、lie、remain、sit、stand、rise、break out、come true、fall asleep、keep silence、lose heart、take place、belong to、come about、consist of、burst out、run out、come into being等 The price has risen. The price has been raised. Food supplies had run out towards the end of the trip. The United Nations came into being in 1945. 反身代词或相互代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态 You must look after yourself. We should help each other whatever happens. 动词(read/write/sell/wash/clean/wear/open/ eat/lock/…)＋副词(well/badly/easily/smoothly/ smoothly/ …)表示主语的属性特征时，用主动形式表被动含义 The pen writes very smoothly. The cloth wears long and washes well. This poem doesn't translate well. 英语中一些带介词的动词短语，其作用相当于一个及物动词，可用于被动语态，这时应该保留其介词。常见的可用于被动语态的这类动词短语有hear of(听说)；talk about(谈论)；send for(派人去请)；operate on(动手术)；laugh at(嘲笑)；look after(照看)；take care of(照看)；think well of(对……评价高)；make fun of(嘲笑)；ask for(要求)；break into(破门而入)；deal with(处理)；look into(调查)；look up(查找)；get rid of(除去)；make use of(利用)；pay attention to(注意)；put an end to(结束)等 The doctor has been sent for. For this he was often made fun of. “连系动词＋adj.”一般不用被动语态： ·表“状态，感觉，终止”的有be、appear、feel、look、prove、taste、smell、sound等 ·表“变化”的有become、come、drop、fall、get、go、grow、make、run、turn、work等 ·表“依旧”的有continue、hold、keep、lie、remain、rest、stay、stand等 She appears to be friendly. The material feels very soft. Einstein's theory proved to be correct. The apple tastes very delicious. The music sounds very familiar to me. The meat has gone bad. The weather will continue fine in two days. May you stay young. The Swede stood still. 在die、sleep、smile、laugh、fight、dream、live等动词后接的是相应的同源宾语时，不用被动语态 She smiled a sweet smile at me. We are living a happy life. She dreamed a bad dream last night. I slept a good sleep last night. He died a natural death. 续表 注意事项 例句 在形容词后作状语用的不定式，与主语构成动宾关系时，则用主动形式表示被动意义(常用于此结构的形容词有difficult、hard、easy、interesting、pleasant、nice、fit、bitter、light、heavy、important等) ★1.如果句中的主语是不定式的逻辑主语要用主动语态 2. 如果句中的主语不是不定式的逻辑主语须用被动语态 The street was d ... ...