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课件网) 定语从句 01 1.定语与定语从句 02 2.定语从句结构 03 3.关系代词与副词 04 4.非限制性定语从句 05 5.总结及练习 目录 1.定语与定语从句 什么是定语? a persevering explorer 一位坚韧不拔的探索者 定语 tasty food 好吃的食物 定语 所谓定语,核心是 “限定”,主要用来修饰名词、代词或短语,说明它们的性质、特征以及相关状态。 找定语 It is an innovative solution This scholar is diligent 定语 定语 什么是定语从句? This is a scholar who is conducting academic research. 定语从句 定语从句:复合句中修饰名、代词的从句。 定语 vs 定语从句 定语:是用来修饰、限定名词或代词的成分,通常由形容词、名词、数词、介词短语等充当,例如“a beautiful flower(一朵美丽的花)”中“beautiful”就是定语,用于修饰“flower” 定语从句:是一个句子充当定语来修饰名词或代词(即先行词),它由关系词(who, whom, whose, which, that, when, where, why等)引导,例如“The girl who is singing is my sister.(正在唱歌的那个女孩是我妹妹)”中“who is singing”就是定语从句,用来修饰先行词“the girl”。 2.定语从句结构 定语从句结构: 由两个或以上的简单句组成 The engineer is in professional overalls. The engineer is designing a new project. The engineer who is in professional overalls is designing a new project. 先行词 关系词 主句 定语从句 先行词 关系词 什么是先行词? The engineer who is in professional overalls is designing a new project. 先行词 关系词 先行词 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词称作先行词,其通常位于定语从句前。 3.关系代词与副词 关系词分类总览表 类别 功能 代表词 适用先行词类型 关系代词 在从句中作 主语 / 宾语 / 定语 who, whom, whose, which, that 人 / 物 关系副词 在从句中作状语 when, where, why 时间 / 地点 / 原因 关系代词需在从句中‘占成分’(如主语、宾语),关系副词仅作状语(不占成分,可替换为‘介词 + 关系代词’) 代词三人组 who whom whose who Lily is the student who is organizing the charity sale. 主语 系动词 表语 定语从句 从句 主语 从句 谓语 从句 宾语 who:在定语从句可作主语或宾语,先行词为人。 Yuanyuan is the volunteer whom the community members praised. 主语 系动词 表语 定语从句 从句 宾语 从句 主语 从句 谓语 whom:定语从句中作宾语,先行词指人。 whom Tingting is the volunteer whose public welfare projects are influential. 主语 系动词 表语 定语从句 从句 定语 从句 主语 从句 表语 whose:在定语从句作定语,先行词可以是人或物。 whose 系动词 who who:在定语从句可作主语或宾语,先行词为人。 The scholar who is conducting research is Professor Wang. She is the expert who we respect. 人 主语 人 宾语 whom:在定语从句可作宾语,先行词为人。 Professor Zhang is a scholar whom young researchers admire deeply. The expert with whom we were discussing projects is Professor Zhang. 人 人 宾语 whom 宾语 whose:在定语从句可作定语,先行词为人或物。 1. The researcher whose papers have been published in top journals is Professor Chen. 2. The technology whose application has improved production efficiency is quite advanced. 人 物 定语 whose 定语 代词三人组 who 我可以修饰人,我在从句中作 主语、宾语 whom 我也可以修饰人,我在从句只能作宾语, 我可以省略~ whose 我既可以修饰人 ... ...