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课件网) Unit 3 Discovering Useful Structure Present Perfect Passive Voice 现在完成时： have/has done 1.过去的动作一直持续到现在 I have lived in China for 5 years. 我在中国住了5年。（从5年前到现在，现在还在中国） 2.过去的动作对现在产生影响 Someone has broken the window. (窗户现在是坏的) I have already lost the key. (我现在没有钥匙) I haven't read the book yet. (不了解书的内容) 现在完成时 主动： 被动： 1) 动作或状态从过去开始,一直持续到现在, 常与下列时间状语连用: so far, up to now, up till now, by now, recently, lately, in recent years; (ever) since+一般过去时, in / during / over the past / last... years/months/days/weeks, over the years 1.His first novel has received good reviews since it came out last month. 2) 动作或状态发生在过去,但对现在有影响或结果 2.I got caught in the rain and my suit has been damaged. have/has done have/has been done 现在完成时 主动： 被动： 3) 固定句型:It / This / That is the first (second, third…) time that… +现在完成时，表示“第几次做某事” 3.This is the first time we have seen a film in the cinema together as a family. have/has done have/has been done What is present perfect tense present(now) future past 现在完成时 have/has done（过去分词） 表示说话时已经完成的动作，而且这个动作的结果对现在仍有影响; 表示动作发生在过去，但一直持续到现在，并且有可能继续持续下去。 练习 1.Every means _____(try) to protect pandas over the past 10 years. 2.Many kinds of apps _____(create) to attract young people to play games so far. 3.Many words _____(add) to the language since it was published. has been tried have been created have been added 肯定式： have/has been done... 否定式： have/has not been done... 一般问句： Have/Has+主语+been done 特殊疑问句： 疑问词+have/has+主语+been done 现在完成被动语态的基本结构 The singer has been invited (by Tom) . The singer has not been invited (by Tom) . Has the singer been invited (by Tom) Who has been invited (by Tom) 否定 一般疑问 对宾语提问 Tall buildings_____(build) everywhere. have been built Shopping centers ___ (rebuild). have been rebuilt More than 50 new factories __ (set up) to improve economies so far. have been set up The road _____(widen). has been widened More dustbins ___ ( place) on the streets. have been placed More and more trees and flowers _____ ( plant) on the either side of the roads. have been planted 注意事项 1.不及物动词和不及物动词短语，没有被动语态，如：rise , happen, take place, break out, come about, survive, remaind, last, die, disappear, end, fail, belong to, consist of... Eg：Great changes have taken place in my hometown recently. Eg: After the traffic accident, no one survived except a person who was badly injured. 注意事项 2.一般说来，只有及物动词才有被动语态，但许多“不及物动词+副词或介词”构成的短语动词，相当于及物动词，也可以有被动语态，但变被动语态后，不可把介词或副词漏掉, eg : laugh at, listen to , look after, take care of, think of , talk about , hand in, catch sight of, make use of, pay attention to, t ... ...
