2026年中考英语专题复习讲义——词性转换（含答案）

中考英语专题复习讲义———词性转换 词性转换是中考英语的核心考点，涉及名词、动词、形容词、副词等词类的相互转化。掌握常见词缀和转换规则，能显著提升词汇运用能力。本讲义通过用法精讲、典型例题和分层训练，助力考生攻克难点。 考点1：形容词 → 副词（-ly后缀） 用法精讲： 多数形容词加-ly变为副词（如quick → quickly），但需注意： 以-y结尾的形容词，变-y为-i再加-ly（如happy → happily）。 以-le结尾的形容词，去-e加-y（如gentle → gently）。 典型例题： She is a _____ (careful) driver. She drives _____. →答案：careful; carefully The children played _____ (happy) in the park. →答案：happily 举一反三： He spoke _____ (angry) to his friend. The bird sings _____ (beautiful). She solved the problem _____ (easy). 考点2：动词 → 名词（-tion/-ment/-ance等后缀） 用法精讲： -tion（如invent → invention） -ment（如develop → development） -ance/-ence（如appear → appearance） 典型例题： His _____ (invite) made me happy. →答案：invitation The _____ (achieve) of this project took years. →答案：achievement 举一反三： We need your _____ (suggest). Her _____ (perform) was amazing. The _____ (exist) of life on Mars is unknown. 考点3：名词 → 形容词（-ful/-less/-al等后缀） 用法精讲： -ful表示“充满”（如beauty → beautiful） -less表示“无”（如hope → hopeless） -al（如nation → national） 典型例题： The view was _____ (beauty). →答案：beautiful This is a _____ (nation) holiday. →答案：national 举一反三： She is always _____ (help) to others. His injury left him _____ (pain). The _____ (nature) resources are limited. 考点4：动词 → 形容词（-able/-ive/-ing等后缀） 用法精讲： -able表示“可被…的”（如rely → reliable） -ive（如act → active） -ing表主动意义（如excite → exciting） 典型例题： This news is _____ (excite)! →答案：exciting Solar power is _____ (renew). →答案：renewable 举一反三： The movie was _____ (bore). His idea was very _____ (create). The problem is _____ (solve). 考点5：形容词 → 名词（-ity/-ness后缀） 用法精讲： -ity（如active → activity） -ness（如kind → kindness） 典型例题： Regular _____ (active) keeps you healthy. →答案：activity Her _____ (ill) prevented her from coming. →答案：illness 举一反三： His _____ (curious) led to new discoveries. We appreciate your _____ (willing) to help. The _____ (dark) made it hard to see. 考点6：前缀改变词义（un-/dis-/im-等） 用法精讲： 前缀改变词义但不改变词类： un-（如happy → unhappy） dis-（如agree → disagree） im-（如possible → impossible） 典型例题： It’s _____ (possible) to finish in one day. →答案：impossible She _____ (like) the new design. →答案：dislikes 举一反三： His answer was _____ (correct). The story is _____ (believable). The door was _____ (locked). 考点7：基数词 → 序数词 用法精讲： 基数词变序数词规则： 一般加-th（如six → sixth） 特殊变化：one → first,two → second,three → third。 典型例题： This is her _____ (five) birthday. →答案：fifth He won the _____ (one) prize. →答案：first 举一反三： December is the _____ (twelve) month. Her _____ (three) attempt succeeded. This is the _____ ( ... ...