2026年人教必修第一册U5 高考二轮复习核心资料（词汇 语法 高考真题）（原卷版 解析版）

/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科 2026年人教必修第一册U5 高考二轮复习核心资料（词汇+语法+高考真题） 第一部分 核心单词 1. based (adj. 以……为基础；v. 以……为依据) 核心精要： 形容词搭配be based on/upon（以……为基础）；动词搭配base A on B（把A建立在B上）；派生：basic adj. 基本的、basis n. 基础（on the basis of）；易错点：作定语时用based，不用base（如a data-based report）。 高考真题 ①2024·新高考II卷（语法填空） The film, which _____ (base) on the life of a rural teacher, has sparked widespread discussion. 答案：is based 解析：考查be based on被动结构，贴合“文化+社会”话题。 ②2023·浙江卷（完形填空） The course design is _____ (base) on students’ practical needs. 答案：based 解析：考查be based on作表语，体现教育场景应用。 精选练习题 ①The new plan _____ (base) on scientific research will be put into practice. 答案：based ②We should base our opinions _____ facts. 答案：on 2. variety (n. 多样性；种类) 核心精要： 搭配a variety of = varieties of（各种各样的，修饰单/复数名词）； 派生：various adj. 不同的；动词vary from...to...（从……到……不等）； 主谓一致：A variety of+复数名词作主语，谓语用复数；The variety of+名词作主语，谓语用单数。 高考真题： ①2025·全国甲卷（语法填空） The region is known for its _____ (vary) wildlife. 答案：various 解析：考查various作定语，贴合生态保护热点。 ②2024·北京卷（阅读理解C篇） A variety of factors _____ (affect) people’s health. 答案：affect 解析：考查a variety of+复数名词的主谓一致。 精选练习题 ①Temperatures here _____ (vary) greatly between day and night. 答案：vary ②A variety of books _____ (be) on sale in the bookstore. 答案：are 3. equal (adj. 平等的；胜任的；v. 等于) 核心精要：形容词搭配be equal to (doing) sth.（胜任/等于）；动词搭配equal sb. in sth.（在某方面与某人匹敌）；派生：equality n. 平等、equally adv. 同等地；同义替换：be equal to = be qualified for（胜任）。 高考真题 ①2023·新课标I卷（语法填空） Everyone has the right to _____ (equal) of opportunity in education. 答案：equality 解析：考查equality作名词，贴合社会公平话题。 ②2025·全国乙卷（完形填空） He can _____ the challenge with rich experience. A. equal B. face 答案：A 解析：考查equal表“胜任”，区别于face的“面对”，强调匹敌关系。 精选练习题 ①Men and women should be treated _____ (equal) in society. 答案：equally ②She proved she was _____ (equal) to the difficult task. 答案：equal 4. appreciate (v. 欣赏；感激；领会) 核心精要：宾语接n./pron./v.-ing（不接to do）；固定句式I would appreciate it if...（如果……我将感激）；派生：appreciation n. 感激（express one’s appreciation）；语境区分：欣赏美景（appreciate beauty）、感激帮助（appreciate help）。 高考真题 ①2024·新高考I卷（应用文写作）高分片段： I （appreciate） it if you could share details about the art workshop. 答案：would appreciate 解析：考查经典句式，贴合请求场景。 ②2023·浙江卷（语法填空） Her contribution was widely _____ (appreciate). 答案：appreciated 解析：考查被动语态，体现社会贡献话题。 精选练习题 ①I really appreciate _____ (invite) to your party. 答案：being invited ②I ... ...