语法精讲② 动词的-ing形式（动名词）做主语和宾语 1．动名词的特点 (1)动名词是从动词变化而来的，所以它保留了动词的某些特征。动名词没有人称和数的变化，但可以有自己的宾语和状语，还有时态和语态的变化。 (2)动名词最大的特点是它相当于一个名词，因此，动名词可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语等。 2．动名词的时态和语态 People hate being praised for nothing. 人们不喜欢无缘无故地被赞扬。 The secretary was scolded for not having finished typing up the report in time. 那位秘书因没有及时将报告打印出来而受到了责备。 We have no idea of their having done such kind of thing. 我们不知道他们做了这种事情。 After having been trained in the special way，he could deal with everything around him smoothly. 接受了特殊的训练后，他能顺利地处理他周围的一切事情。 3．动名词作主语常表示一般性的、习惯性的动作，其被动形式为being done Breathing became difficult at that altitude. 在那个海拔高度，呼吸变得很困难。 Reading English aloud in the morning will do you a lot of good. 早晨朗读英文会给你带来许多好处。 (1)单个的动名词(短语)作主语时，句子的谓语动词需要用单数。 Cheating in an exam ruins one's character. 考试作弊毁坏人的品性。 (2)有些句子为了保持平衡，避免头重脚轻，用it作形式主语，把真正作主语的动名词(短语)后置。 It's a waste of time doing sth.做某事浪费时间。 It's useless/worthwhile doing sth. 做某事是没用的/值得的。 It's no use doing sth.做某事是没用的。 It was a waste of time reading that book. 读那本书就是在浪费时间。 (此句中It为形式主语，真正的主语为reading that book) It is no use trying to persuade him to give up his idea.努力说服他放弃他的想法是徒劳的。 4．动名词作宾语 (1)动名词跟在一些及物动词后作宾语。 He managed to escape suffering from the disease. 他设法避免了患上那种疾病。 Prof. Smith considered giving his students a reading list before they started the next chapter. 史密斯教授考虑在学生们开始学习下一章之前给他们一份读书清单。 The suspect denied turning on the computer in the office that night. 犯罪嫌疑人否认自己那晚开过办公室的电脑。 (2)动名词跟在介词后面作宾语。 I'm looking forward to your coming next time. 我期待着您下一次的到来。 They are against using so many animals in experiments. 他们反对在实验中使用这么多的动物。 He apologized for interrupting us. 他因打断我们而道歉。 Thank you for offering me so much help. 感谢你给我提供了这么多帮助。 [特别提示] 动词need，deserve，require，want(需要)后的动名词用主动形式表被动意义。这种结构中，doing也可转换成to be done。 Your car needs filling.＝Your car needs to be filled.你的车该加油了。 This city deserves visiting. 这座城市值得游览。 The problem requires studying carefully. 这个问题需要仔细研究。 知识拓展 ①常接动名词作宾语，但不接不定式作宾语的动词(短语) admit承认 advise建议 allow允许 appreciate感激 avoid避免 consider考虑 delay推迟 deny否认 discuss讨论 dislike不喜欢 enjoy喜爱 escape逃脱；逃避 excuse原谅 fancy喜欢；想要 finish完成 forbid禁止 forgive原谅 give up放弃 imagine想象 keep保持 mention提及 mind介意 miss错过 pardon原谅 permit允许 practise练习 prevent阻止 prohibit禁止 put off推迟 risk冒险 ② ... ...
