2025年人教版中考英语语法 形容词和副词讲义

2025初中英语通用语法讲练 第四讲：形容词和副词 一、形容词及其用法 形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常，可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。 直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如：a beautiful park 一座美丽的公园 The play Tea-house（茶馆）is both moving and interesting. Who left the window open 2)叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid 害怕的。 （错）He is an ill man. （对）The man is ill. （错）She is an afraid girl. （对）The girl is afraid. 这类词还有： well，unwell，ill，faint，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake 等。 形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为尾的词语时，要放 在这些词之后，例如：something nice something important ４)．某些动词加-ed 和 –ing都可构成形容词，加-ed的形容词表示“人感到如何”，加-ing的形容词则用来 描写事物， 如：We were excited when we heard the exciting news. 以-ly结尾的形容词 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。 但 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly， 仍为形容词。 改错：(错） She sang lovely. （对） Her singing was lovely. （错） He spoke to me very friendly. （对） He spoke to me in a very friendly way. 2）有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词。 daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early 1).The Times is a daily paper. 2).The Times is published daily. 多个形容词修饰名词的顺序 多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为： 限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) --出处--材料性质，类别--名词 a small round table a tall gray building a dirty old brown shirt a famous German medical school an expensive Japanese sports car 典型例题: 1） Tony is going camping with ___ boys. A.little two other B. two little other C.two other little D.little other two 2) One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace. A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stone C. old stone Chinese D. Chinese stone old 3) — How was your recent visit to Qingdao —It was great. We visited some friends，and spent the ___days at the seaside. A. few last sunny B. last few sunny C. last sunny few D. few sunny last 注:限定词+数量词（序数词在前，基数词在后）+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体 those + three + beautiful + large + square 新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+名词 old + brown + wood + table 形容词作伴随状语和原因状语 He spent 7days in the wind and snow, cold and hungry.他在风雪中度过了7天，又冷又饿。 She stared into the distance, speechless for a long time.她盯着远处看，好长时间不讲话。 Afraid of being caught, the thief hid himself under a bed.因为害怕被抓，这个小偷藏在床 联连系动词与形容词 象get, grow, become, feel, appear, prove, look, keep, smell, taste, sound, go, turn, remain等这些动词既可以用作为实义动词又可以用作连系动词，因而要根据上下文语境判断究竟是什么性质的动动词才能正确解题。 玛丽悲伤地看了看父母亲而她的父母亲看上去也很悲伤。 Mary looked sadly at her parents while her parents looked sad, too ... ...