
定语从句 一、定语:修饰或限定名词或代词的成分。一般翻译为……的(人/物)。从位置上看分为前置定语和后置定语。 例:I like the bike.(简单句:主谓宾) I like the new bike. 定语(形容词,前置定语) I like the bike in the yard. 定语(介词短语,后置定语) I like the bike that you bought. 定语(定语从句,后置定语) 二、定语从句:定语从句是英语中用于修饰名词或代词的从句,其作用相当于一个形容词,因此也被称为形容词性从句。 The boy is my friend.(简单句)这个男孩是我朋友。 The boy helped you.(从句原句)这个男孩帮助过你。 The boy that/who helped you is my friend. 先行词 关系词 从句 这个帮助过你的男孩是我朋友。 先行词:定语从句中被修饰的名词或代词。 关系词:代替先行词在从句中做成分的词。 三、关系词分类 ①关系代词 关系代词 所指先行词 在从句中充当的成分 例句 例句翻译与解析 who 人 主语 The woman who lives next door is a doctor. 住在我隔壁的那位女士是医生。(解析: who 指代 the woman ,在从句 who lives next door 中充当主语。) 宾语 (口语/非正式) The man (who) I saw yesterday was her brother. 我昨天看到的那个男人是她的哥哥。(解析: who 指代 the man ,在从句 I saw who 中充当动词 saw 的宾语,此处可以省略。) whom 人 宾语 (动词宾语) The professor whom we respect is giving a talk. 我们尊敬的那位教授将做一个讲座。(解析: whom 指代 the professor ,在从句 we respect whom 中充当动词 respect 的宾语。) 宾语 (介词宾语) She is the person to whom I owe my thanks. 她是我要感谢的人。(解析: whom 指代 the person ,在介词 to 后充当宾语,构成介词短语 to whom 。) whose 人或物 定语 (表所属) The student whose project won the award is over there. 项目获奖的那位学生就在那边。(解析: whose 指代 the student‘s ,在从句中作定语,修饰主语 project 。) We visited the city whose history fascinates us. 我们游览了那座历史令我们着迷的城市。(解析: whose 指代 the city‘s ,在从句中作定语,修饰主语 history 。) which 物或动物 主语 The phone which is on the table is mine. 桌上的那部手机是我的。(解析: which 指代 the phone ,在从句 which is on the table 中充当主语。) 宾语 The ideas (which) he proposed were innovative. 他提出的那些想法很有创新性。(解析: which 指代 the ideas ,在从句 he proposed which 中充当动词 proposed 的宾语,此处可以省略。) that 人或物 主语 (指人) The girl that won the race is my classmate. 赢得比赛的那个女孩是我的同学。(解析: that 指代 the girl ,在从句中充当主语。) 主语 (指物) Everything that happens has a cause. 发生的每件事都有原因。(解析: that 指代 everything ,在从句中充当主语。) 宾语 (指人) Is he the man (that) you told me about 他就是你跟我提过的那个人吗?(解析: that 指代 the man ,在从句 you told me about that 中充当介词 about 的宾语,此处可以省略。) 宾语 (指物) The book (that) I’m reading is fascinating. 我正在读的那本书非常有趣。(解析: that 指代 the book ,在从句 I’m reading that 中充当动词 reading 的宾语,此处可以省略。) 注: 关系代词that who which在从句中做宾语的时候可以省略。但做主语不行。 The man that/who knows me is Tom. That 或who在从句中做主语不可省略。 The man (that/who) I know is Tom. That/who在从句中作宾语可以省略。 只用which whom不用th ... ...
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