
第三讲: 三大从句专项(一) 宾语从句专项讲解 打基础--掌握知识点 1.在复合句中作宾语的句子叫宾语从句 2.宾语从句可用于主句动词之后(如:know,think,believe,hope,mean等), 也可以用于主句形容词之后(如:certain ,sure ,glad等) I like my teacher.(名词作宾语) I enjoy playing basketball.(动名词作宾语) I decide to study hard.(不定式作宾语) I know Mr Li teaches English. (句子作宾语) She asked me if the answer was right. (句子作宾语) They are talking about whether the team will win the game.(句子做宾语) I’m sure that you can pass the exam.(句子作宾语) 结构:连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分 4.宾语从句的语序一定是陈述语序 5.含有宾语从句的复合句的标点由主句决定 连接词分为三类: 1.that 引导的宾语从句 用 that引导宾语从句,此时从句部分相当于一个陈述句。 引导宾语从句的 that没有词义,不充当句子成分,在口语或非正式文体中常被省略。 I hear(that)you have passed the exam. I don’t know(that)he has never been to the USA. I am glad (that) you can come for dinner. 2. if 或 whether 引导的宾语从句 用 if 或 whether引导宾语从句,此时从句部分的语义相当于一个一般疑问句。 连词 if 或whether意思是“是否” ,只起连接作用,不充当成分,但不能省略,且宾语从句要用陈述句语序。 I want to know if/whether he is our new teacher. Tom wonders if/whether his grandpa will come next week. “Did Marry clean the classroom yesterday ”Mr Hu is asking. Mr Hu is asking if /whether Mary cleaned the classroom yesterday. if和whether的区别: if,whether引导宾语从句通常可以互换使用,下列情况只能用whether: 1.与 or not 直接连用时 Please let me know whether or not you can come. 2.宾语从句作介词的宾语时 It depends on whether it will be fine. 3.whether +to do I don’t know whether to accept or refuse. 4.与 or 引导的选择范围连用(表示 “是 A 还是 B”)(whether A or B) She didn’t know whether to buy the red dress or the blue one. I’m not sure whether he is happy or sad. 5.引导主语从句,位于句首或用 it 作形式主语时 Whether he will come to the wedding is still unknown.(他是否会来参加婚礼还 不清楚。)(句首主语从句) It’s uncertain whether the flight will be on time.(航班是否准点还不确定。)(it 作 形式主语 6. 引导表语从句或同位语从句 whether 可引导表语从句(系动词后)和同位语从句(解释名词含义);if 只能引导宾语从句,不能引导这两种从句。 The key question is whether we have enough funds. (核心问题是我们是否有足够 资金。) There’s some doubt about whether the plan will work. (关于计划是否可行存在一 些疑问。)(同位语从句,解释 doubt 的内容) 3.连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句 1)用连接代词或连接副词引导宾语从句,从句部分语义相当于一个特殊疑问句; 2)常见的连接代词:what,who,whom,whose,which; 3)常见的连接副词:when,where,how,why; 4)连接代词和连接副词有词义,并且在从句中充当句子成分; 5)连接代词多作宾语、主语和定语,连接副词多作状语 6)宾语从句中连接代词 who 与 whom 都指人,“谁” ,其中 who 为主格,在从句中作主语;whom 为宾格,在从句中作宾语。多数情况下可用 who 替代 whom。 We do not know whose pencil this is. Nobody knows when the train will arrive. Can you tell us what they are doing She wants to know why that l ... ...
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