2026年中考英语语法总复习·情态动词讲义及练习（含解析）

2026中考英语语法总复习·情态动词 模块一：can/could与be able to 1. 核心用法 功能类型 规则 示例 提醒 表能力 ① can（现在时，表当前能力）； ② could（过去时，仅表“过去有能力”，不强调结果）； ③ be able to（可用于任何时态，强调“成功完成”） ① He can solve English grammar problems quickly.（现在能力） ② She could swim at 5, but never won a competition.（过去能力） ③ The climber was able to reach the top in the rain.（过去成功完成） 过去“成功做到”必用was/were able to，不用could 表请求/允许 ① could比can更委婉（中考优选委婉表达）； ② 肯定回答用can/may（不用could）； ③ 否定回答用can't（委婉拒绝）/mustn't（禁止） —Could I borrow your English notebook for the test review —Sure, you can. But you mustn't write on it. could仅表委婉，回答不用could 表推测 ① 仅用于否定句/疑问句； ② can't表“不可能”（语气强，有依据）； ③ couldn't语气稍弱； ④ 肯定推测绝对不用can/could ① This voice can't be Tom's—he's away on a school trip. ② Could the English tape be in your schoolbag （不确定疑问） 肯定推测用must/may/might 2. 易错提醒 错误：He could finish the English report yesterday.（表过去成功完成）→正确：He was able to finish the English report yesterday. 错误：He can be at home now.（肯定推测）→ 正确：He must/may be at home now. 错误：—Could I use your pen —Yes, you could. → 正确：—Could I use your pen —Yes, you can. 3. 特殊句型 can't help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事 Many students can't help laughing at the funny English story. can't...too + 形容词/副词 越……越好 You can't be too careful with English exam papers. 4. 即时训练 —_____ you finish the English listening task in 8 minutes —I think I can. A. Must B. Can C. May D. Should The traveler _____ get through the forest because of the heavy fog last night. A. couldn't B. can't C. wasn't able to D. isn't able to —Could I keep your English dictionary for two days —_____. I don't need it recently. A. No, you can't B. Mustn't C. Sure, you can D. Yes, you must This English song _____ be sung by a child. It's too difficult. A. can B. must C. can't D. might When seeing the English cartoon, the little girl _____ help laughing. A. can't B. couldn't C. can't help D. couldn't help 模块二：may/might 1. 核心用法 语气强度排序： must（一定，100%把握）> may（可能，60%-80%把握）> might（或许，40%-60%把握） 功能类型 规则 示例 表推测 ① 用于肯定句/否定句（may not/might not“可能不”）； ② 不用于疑问句； ③ might可表过去或现在的不确定推测 ① The English party may be put off next week.（现在推测） ② He might not have finished his English homework yesterday.（过去推测） 表请求 ① may比might稍正式； ② 否定回答用mustn't（禁止）/had better not（委婉拒绝）； ③ 绝对不用may not回答 —May I bring snacks into the English exam room —No, you mustn't. 表祝愿 固定结构：May + 主语 + 动词原形 May you achieve good results in the 2026 high school entrance exam! 2. 易错提醒 错误：May he come to the English class （推测疑问）→正确：Could he come to the English class 错误：—May I go out —No, you may not. →正确：—May I go out ... ...