后缀 -less 和 -ful 讲解+练习题 语法讲解 （一）后缀 -ful 的用法 构词规则：-ful加在名词后，构成形容词，表示“充满……的”“具有……特征的”“能……的”。 注意事项： 多数情况下直接加在名词后，拼写无变化； 少数以y结尾的名词，需保留y再加*-ful*； 部分名词加*-ful*后，词义会结合名词本身特征延伸。 例句与例词： help（帮助）→ helpful（有帮助的）：The teacher is very helpful to us. use（用处）→ useful（有用的）：This book is useful for learning English. care（小心）→ careful（小心的）：Be careful when you cross the road. joy（快乐）→ joyful（快乐的）：She is joyful about the good news. success（成功）→ successful（成功的）：He is a successful businessman. （二）后缀 -less 的用法 构词规则：-less加在名词后，构成形容词，表示“没有……的”“缺乏……的”“无……的”，是*-ful*的反义后缀。 注意事项： 直接加在名词后，无需改变原词拼写； 部分词可同时加*-ful和-less*，形成一对反义词（如helpful/helpless、useful/useless）。 例句与例词： help（帮助）→ helpless（无助的）：The little boy felt helpless in the dark. use（用处）→ useless（无用的）：This broken pen is useless. care（小心）→ careless（粗心的）：He made a careless mistake in the exam. hope（希望）→ hopeless（无望的）：Don’t be hopeless, everything will be better. harm（伤害）→ harmless（无害的）：This kind of plant is harmless to humans. （三）核心规律总结 词性变化：-ful和-less均为名词变形容词的后缀，不改变原词的词根含义，仅通过后缀赋予形容词属性和语义倾向。 语义关系：同一词根加-ful和-less通常构成反义词（如careful/careless、useful/useless）。 拼写规则：绝大多数名词直接加后缀，无需额外变形；特殊词汇（如wonder→wonderful）需牢记拼写。 配套练习题 （一）基础题：用所给词的*-ful或-less*形式填空 The old man lives alone, but he never feels _____ (hope). This dictionary is very _____ (use) for our English study. It’s _____ (care) of you to leave the door open when you go out. She is a _____ (help) girl, she always helps her classmates. The movie is so _____ (joy) that everyone laughs happily. Smoking is _____ (harm) to our health, so we should give it up. That broken watch is _____ (use), you can throw it away. He made a lot of _____ (care) mistakes in the math test. The trip to the mountains was _____ (wonder), we all had a good time. When he lost his way, he felt _____ (help) and cried for help. （二）提升题：根据句意写出含*-ful或-less*的单词 My mother is a _____ (充满爱心的) woman, she always cares about others. (love) It’s _____ (无意义的) to argue with him, he never listens to others. (meaning) The _____ (成功的) writer has written many popular books. (success) Don’t be _____ (害怕的) of making mistakes when speaking English. (fear) The medicine is _____ (有用的) for treating a cold. (use) He is a _____ (粗心的) driver, he often breaks the traffic rules. (care) The little girl has a _____ (美丽的) voice, she sings very well. (beauty) Walking in the rain without an umbrella is _____ (无意义的) and will make you wet. (point) The teacher’s words were _____ (有帮助的), I solved the problem quickly. (help) T ... ...
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