Unit 6 Earth and Beyond 语法：后缀 -ness 讲解 专项练习2025-2026学年仁爱科普版英语八年级上册

后缀 -ness 详解+专项练习 一、语法核心 名词后缀 -ness，通过在形容词后添加 -ness 构成抽象名词，用于表示事物的“性质、状态、程度”。 二、语法详细讲解 1. -ness 的构成规则 基本规则：直接在形容词末尾加 -ness，转化为抽象名词，体现形容词描述的属性或状态。 例：careful（小心的）→ carefulness（谨慎）；bright（明亮的）→ brightness（亮度）；fit（健康的）→ fitness（健康） 特殊变形： ① 以y结尾的形容词，先将 y 改为 i，再加 -ness。 例：happy（开心的）→ happiness（幸福）；busy（忙碌的）→ busyness（忙碌）；lazy（懒惰的）→ laziness（懒惰） ② 初中阶段少量特殊词：ill（生病的）→ illness（疾病）（ill 为形容词，直接加 -ness，无需变形）。 2. -ness 名词的用法 词性属性：均为不可数名词，无复数形式，可被 great、big、deep 等形容词修饰。 常见搭配： 定冠词 the + -ness 名词 + of：the brightness of the star（星星的亮度）、the coldness of the wind（风的寒冷） a sense of + -ness 名词：a sense of happiness（幸福感）、a sense of sadness（悲伤感） 动词 + -ness 名词：show carefulness（表现出谨慎）、feel loneliness（感到孤独） 3. 单元高频 -ness 派生词 形容词 -ness 名词 中文释义 careful carefulness 谨慎，小心 bright brightness 明亮，亮度 fit fitness 健康，健壮 weak weakness 弱点，虚弱 happy happiness 幸福，快乐 dark darkness 黑暗 cold coldness 寒冷 close closeness 接近，亲密 small smallness 微小 sad sadness 悲伤 专项练习题 （一）根据所给形容词，写出加 -ness 后的名词 sad → _____ ill → _____ kind → _____ lazy → _____ quiet → _____ bold → _____ calm → _____ clean → _____ proud → _____ thick → _____ （二）用括号内形容词的 -ness 形式填空 The _____ (dark) of the night makes it hard to see the road. She felt a deep _____ (sad) when she heard the bad news. The _____ (kind) of the teacher made the students love her. His _____ (weak) in math makes it hard for him to pass the exam. We all enjoy the _____ (happy) of spending time with family. The _____ (bright) of the sun hurts my eyes. The _____ (fit) of the astronaut is very important for space travel. The _____ (careful) of the scientist avoids many mistakes. The _____ (small) of the planet makes it hard to observe. The _____ (cold) of the winter is coming soon. （三）单项选择 The _____ of the star is related to its size. A. bright B. brightly C. brightness D. brighten He has a strong _____ of _____ when he stays with his friends. A. feel; happy B. feeling; happiness C. feel; happiness D. feeling; happy The _____ of the ice makes the lake a dangerous place to walk on. A. thin B. thinness C. thick D. thickness Her _____ in English helps her get good grades. A. good B. well C. goodness D. goodliness We should learn from our _____ and make progress. A. weak B. weakly C. weakness D. weaken 习题答案 （一）词形转换 sadness illness kindness laziness quietness boldness calmness cleanness proudness/pride（pride 为常用形式，proudness 也正确） thickness （二）填空 darkness sadness kindness weakness happiness brightness fitness carefulness smallness coldness （三）单项选择 C B B C C ... ...