Unit 4 Digital life 动词不定式作宾语补足语讲义（含答案） 2025-2026学年外研版八年级英语上册

Unit 4动词不定式作宾语补足语 一、基本概念 动词宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的动作、状态或特征的成分，动词不定式（to do）作宾补时，能明确宾语的具体动作或目的，使句子语义更完整。 二、核心结构 基本句式为主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语 + to do（不定式），其中不定式用来补充说明宾语要做的事。 三、常见可接不定式作宾补的动词/短语 1. 表“命令、要求、希望”类 ask sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事 例：The teacher asks us to finish homework on time. tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事 例：My mom tells me to brush teeth before bed. want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 例：He wants his sister to help him with math. wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事 例：I wish you to have a good trip. require sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事（稍正式） 例：The school requires students to wear uniforms. 2. 表“允许、禁止”类 allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 例：The manager allows workers to take a 15-minute break. permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事（正式） 例：The library doesn’t permit readers to eat snacks. forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事 例：Parents forbid their kid to play games for too long. 3. 表“邀请、建议、帮助”类 invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 例：She invites me to go to the cinema this weekend. advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 例：The doctor advises him to exercise more. help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事（to可省略） 例：I helped my grandma (to) carry the heavy bag. 4. 其他高频动词 expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某 例：We expect him to win the competition. encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 例：Teachers encourage students to ask questions in class. warn sb. to do sth. 警告某人做某事 例：The policeman warned the driver to drive slowly. 四、特殊情况———省略to的不定式作宾补 以下动词后接宾补时，不定式需省略to，即动词 + 宾语 + do，可总结为口诀“一感二听三让四看半帮助”： 1. 一感：feel（感觉） 例：I feel the ground shake. 2. 二听：hear（听见）、listen to（听） 例：She heard the bell ring. / We listen to the teacher speak carefully. 3. 三让：let（让）、make（使）、have（使/让） 例：Let him go first. / The boss made workers work 10 hours a day. 4. 四看：see（看见）、watch（观看）、notice（注意到）、observe（观察） 例：I saw him enter the room. / They watched the stars shine at night. 5. 半帮助：help（帮助，to可省可不省，上文已提及） 注意：这类结构变为被动语态时，to必须还原。 例：主动：The teacher made her clean the classroom. 被动：She was made to clean the classroom by the teacher. 五、否定形式 不定式作宾补的否定结构为动词 + 宾语 + not to do sth.，直接在to前加not。 例： 1. The teacher tells us not to be late for class. 2. My parents ask me not to play with fire. 3. The doctor advises him not to eat junk food. 六、易混点区分 1. 不定式作宾补 vs 不定式作宾语 作宾补：谓语动词后先接宾语（人/物），再接不定式，不定式说明宾语的动作 例：He wants me to buy a book.（me是宾语，to buy a book补充说明me的动作） 作宾语：谓语动词后直接接不定式，无额外宾语 例：He wants to buy a book.（to buy a book直接作want的宾语） 2. 与现在分词作宾补的区别 不定式作宾补：表动作完整、一次性或未发 ... ...