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课件网) 专题九 非谓语动词 目录 CONTENTS 02 课堂精讲 03 备考精练 01 思维导图 思维导图 01 课堂精讲 02 一、动词不定式 1. 动词不定式的构成和用法 (1)构成：动词不定式的基本形式是“to＋动词原形”，有时可以不带to。动词不定式(或不定式短语)没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语。动词不定式仍可保留动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式同它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。如：to read the newspaper，to speak at the meeting等。 (2)用法：动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。 句法作用 例句 ①作主语 To learn English well is not easy.=It’s not easy to learn English well. 学好英语并不容易。 ②作表语 The best way is to study hard. 最好的办法是努力学习。 ③作宾语 I want to be a scientist in the future. 我希望将来成为一名科学家。 Can you tell me where to go 你能告诉我去哪里吗 句法作用 例句 ④作宾语补足语 Lucy asked him to go shopping. Lucy让他一起去购物。 They often tell me jokes to make me laugh. 他们经常给我讲笑话让我笑。 ⑤作定语 He has a lot of things to do every day. 他每天有很多事情要做。 ⑥作状语 She runs every day to stay healthy. 她每天跑步是为了保持健康。 句法作用 例句 ⑦构成不定式短语充当主语、宾语、表语等 “疑问词＋to do”结构动词不定式可以和疑问词what，which，how，where，when等连用，构成不定式短语，在句中充当主语、宾语、表语等。 作表语：The question is how to do it. 问题是怎么做。 作宾语：He told me how to make a plan. 他告诉我怎样做计划。 作主语：When to start is unknown. 什么开始还不知道。 2. 常见的后面接动词不定式作宾语的动词 would like to do try to do afford to do pretend to do want to do remember/forget to do wish to do agree to do begin/start to do hope to do refuse to do promise to do decide to do plan to do learn to do prefer to do 3. 常见的后面接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词 tell sb. to do would like sb. to do allow sb. to do order sb. to do wish sb. to do beg sb. to do encourage sb. to do expect sb. to do ask sb. to do invite sb. to do advise sb. to do force sb. to do want sb. to do warn sb. to do teach sb. to do persuade sb. to do 4. 常见的后面接不带“to”的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词 感官使役动词记忆口诀： 一感，二听，三让，四看，半帮 一感：feel 二听：hear，listen to 三让：make，let，have 四看：see，notice，watch，observe 半帮：help 注意：变成被动语态时，动词原形前要加to 记忆口诀：感使动词真奇怪，to在句中像妖 怪，主动句里它走开，被动句里它回来 I saw Tom get into the teachers’ office. =Tom was seen to get into the teachers’ office by me. 我看见Tom进了老师办公室。 二、动名词 1. 动名词的用法 句法功能 例句 (1)作主语 Skating is fun. 滑雪很有趣。It’s no use doing this. 做这件事是没有用的。 (2)作表语 My favourite hobby is dancing. 我最喜欢的爱好是跳舞。 (3)作宾语 She practises playing guitar every day. 她每天都练习弹吉他。 (4)作补语 We saw a boy swimming in the sea. 我们看见一个男孩在海里游泳。 句法功能 例句 (5)作定语 A swimming pool is behind the school. 学校后面有一个游泳池。 (6)介词＋doing： 介词in，at，for，of，from，a ... ...
