Unit4 Natural Disasters 知识清单 一、核心词汇 1. 自然灾害类型 earthquake 地震 tsunami 海啸 flood 洪水 drought 干旱 wildfire/forest fire 野火/森林火灾 hurricane/typhoon/cyclone 飓风/台风/气旋 tornado 龙卷风 volcanic eruption 火山喷发 landslide 滑坡 avalanche 雪崩 blizzard 暴风雪 sandstorm 沙尘暴 thunderstorm 雷暴 hailstorm 冰雹暴 2. 灾害特征与破坏 magnitude (地震)震级 epicenter 震中 aftershock 余震 intensity 强度 scale 规模 destruction 破坏 damage 损坏 devastation 毁灭 ruin 废墟 debris 瓦砾，碎片 casualty 伤亡人员 death toll 死亡人数 injury 受伤 missing 失踪的 homeless 无家可归的 displaced 流离失所的 3. 灾难过程与现象 strike/hit/occur (灾难)发生 warn 警告 predict 预测 forecast 预报 evacuate 疏散 shelter 避难所 survive 幸存 trap 困住 collapse 倒塌 bury 掩埋 sweep away 冲走 burn down 烧毁 cut off 切断(联系) submerge 淹没 erupt (火山)喷发 4. 救援与应对 rescue 救援 emergency 紧急情况 relief 救济 aid 援助 donation 捐赠 volunteer 志愿者 rescue worker 救援人员 first aid 急救 evacuation route 疏散路线 warning system 预警系统 disaster preparedness 防灾准备 rebuild 重建 recover 恢复 survivor 幸存者 victim 受害者 二、词性变换 1. destroy v. → destruction n. → destructive adj. 2. injure v. → injury n. → injured adj. 3. survive v. → survival n. → survivor n. 4. erupt v. → eruption n. 5. evacuate v. → evacuation n. 6. rescue v./n. → rescuer n. 7. volunteer n./v. → voluntary adj. 8. prepare v. → preparation n. → preparedness n. 9. warn v. → warning n. 10. predict v. → prediction n. → predictable adj. 11. safe adj. → safety n. → unsafe adj. 12. violent adj. → violence n. 13. severe adj. → severity n. 14. powerful adj. → power n. 15. dangerous adj. → danger n. 三、重点短语与固定搭配 1. 灾害发生与影响 break out (战争、火灾)爆发 go off (警报)响起 cause damage to 对...造成损坏 result in 导致 lead to 引起 in ruins 成为废墟 under debris 在废墟下 without warning 毫无预警地 at any moment 随时 in the path of 在...的路径上 2. 应对与救援 take shelter 避难 seek safety 寻求安全 escape from 从...逃离 be trapped in 被困在... be buried under 被埋在...下 send out rescue teams 派出救援队 provide first aid 提供急救 set up temporary shelters 搭建临时避难所 donate money/supplies 捐款/捐献物资 call for help 呼救 3. 预防与准备 be prepared for 为...做准备 take precautions 采取预防措施 have an emergency plan 有应急计划 stock up on supplies 储备物资 follow safety guidelines 遵循安全指南 stay informed 保持信息畅通 in case of emergency 万一发生紧急情况 4. 描述程度与规模 on a large scale 大规模地 to a great extent 在很大程度上 a series of 一系列 hundreds/thousands of 成百/上千的 the majority of 大多数 as many as 多达... up to 高达... 四、重点句型 1. 描述灾害发生 An earthquake measuring 7.0 on the Richter scale struck... (里氏7.0级地震袭击了...) The flood swept away everything in its path. (洪水冲走了沿途的一切。) The hurricane left a trail of destruction behind. (飓风所到之处一片狼藉。) 2. 表达影响与后果 As a result,... (结果...) Consequently,... (因此...) The disaster ca ... ...
