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课件网) Unit 2 Unit 2 Improving yourself Past perfect passive To learn the use of past perfect passive To talk about what had happened before you started a new habit, using past perfect passive Look at the sentences and answer the questions. Sentence (a) is from the reading passage. a. At the start of the detox, over 100 students had been persuaded to stop using social media, in ANY form, for seven days. b. At the start of the detox, people had persuaded over 100 students to stop using social media, in ANY form, for seven days. 1. Were the students in sentence (a) persuaded before the detox started, or afterwards The students were persuaded before the detox started. a. At the start of the detox, over 100 students had been persuaded to stop using social media, in ANY form, for seven days. b. At the start of the detox, people had persuaded over 100 students to stop using social media, in ANY form, for seven days. 2. What is the difference between sentences (a) and (b) They differ in voice. The passive voice is used in sentence (a), while the active voice is used in sentence (b). 3. Why does the author choose to use a passive form instead of an active form Maybe the author doesn’t know who had persuaded students to stop using social media, or it is unnecessary to say who the persuaders were. When do we use the passive voice When the doer of the action is unknown or unimportant When the doer of the action is obvious or understood from context When the action is more important than the doer When the doer of the action is intentionally being avoided In formal or scientific writing We use passive voice to convey our message clearer and more direct. They had been promised money by family and friends for each day spent without using social media. But on reflection, I can see how much of my time had been occupied with checking my phone. Now look for more sentences with the past perfect passive in the reading passage, and summarise its use in your own words. The past perfect tense is used to tell an activity done before something in the past. So it is used in a background of past. present future past past perfect past perfect tense 过去完成时的被动语态 过去完成时的被动语态是过去完成时和被动语态的叠合，表示在过去某一时间或某个动作之前已经完成的动作。 下面两种情况一般用被动语态： 一是强调动作的承受者。 e.g. The pen had been broken by the boy before it was found. (在大家发现之前那支钢笔就被那个男孩弄坏了。) 二是不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者。 e.g. The task had been completed before noon yesterday. (那项任务昨天中午之前就完成了。) 1. 过去完成时的被动语态构成 过去完成时被动语态的肯定结构: 主语 + had been + v.-ed (及物) + 其它 e.g. The classroom had been cleaned before the teacher came. 老师进来前教室就已经被打扫干净了。 A new agreement had been signed by the time we got there. 等我们到那儿的时候，一项新协议已经签署。 过去完成时被动语态的否定结构： 主语 + had not been + v.-ed (及 ... ...
