(
课件网) Discovering Useful Structures Grammar — 句子成分和八大基本句式 Welcome Unit words sentences a passage Learn to express your ideas in English. What makes a sentence My grandmother died. I am alive. I love her. I bought her roses. She called me daring. She loved me so much. I talk less. There is no happiness for me. 我奶奶去世了。 我活着。 我爱她。 我曾送她玫瑰。 她曾叫我亲爱的。 她曾那么爱我。 我很少说话了。 我没有快乐了。 A sad story Verbs are an important component in a sentence. They decide how a sentence forms. Components of a sentence My grandmother died. I am alive. S (subject) 主语 主语表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，置于句首。 I love her. I bought her roses. V (verb) 谓语动词 谓语用来说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征，由动词或动词短语充当，位于主语之后。 Components of a sentence I still love her. I bought her roses. O (object) 宾语 宾语是谓语动词所表示的动作的对象。宾语放在谓语动词（短语）的后面。 I am alive. It is a cat. P (predicative) 表语 表语用来表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征，一般由名词、形容词或相当于名词、形容词的短语或句子充当，位于系动词之后，与系动词一起构成句子的谓语。 Components of a sentence I talk less. She loved me so much. A (adverbial) 状语 状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。 She called me daring. I found my classmates friendly. C (object complement) 宾语补足语 有些及物动词（短语）带了宾语后意义仍不够完整，还需要加上宾语补足语来补充说明宾语的行为、状态、身份或特征等。 P DO O A C (subject) S V (verb) (object) (predicative) (adverbial) (direct object) IO (object complement) (indirect object) attribute Attr 主语 状语 宾语补足语 直接宾语 表语 宾语 间接宾语 谓语 Let’s review (句子成分） What makes a sentence 定语 Members of a sentence: Think and talk The car runs fast. She is kind. Eight is a lucky number in China. Swimming is my favorite. To see is to believe. What we need is time. 名词 动名词 动词不定式 代词 数词 主语从句 1. 主语 (S-subject): 表明句子说的是谁或什么情况，一般可由名词、代词、数词、动名词、动词不定式、主语从句等充当。 Members of a sentence: Think and talk 2. 谓语 (V-verb)：说明主语的动作或状态，一般由及物动词和不及物动词充当。 He reads a book. The boy likes English. The river flows. The sun rises. 及物动词 及物动词 不及物动词 不及物动词 Members of a sentence: Think and talk 3. 宾语 (O-object): 表示动作、行为的对象；宾语一般可由名词、代词、数词、动名词、动词不定式等充当；及物动词后称为动词宾语，介词后称为介词宾语；有些动词可接双宾语 (即直接宾语 → 常指物，和间接宾语 → 常指人)。 He reads a book. He loves her. He wants three. He likes swimming. She wants to fly. He waits for the chance. He bought her a coat. 名词 代词 数词 动名词 不定式 her：间接宾语；a coat：直接宾语 名词 (介宾) Members of a sentence: Think and talk 4. 系动词 (linking verb): 状态系动词，表示主语的状态、身份等。常见的系动词有：be 动词 (am, is, are), 半系动词 (stay, keep, turn, remain, get 等)，感官系动词 (feel, smell, taste, ... ...
