
中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台 中考英语定语从句与状语从句核心讲义&强化训练 一、核心概念与本质区别 从句类型 核心定义 本质功能 关键特征 定语从句 修饰代词、名词或整个主句(先行词)的从句,相当于形容词 限定、描述先行词的属性、特征或范围 1. 必有先行词(被修饰的名词/代词);2. 关系词(that/when等)既连接句子,又在从句中充当成分(主、宾、状等) 状语从句 修饰主句的动词、形容词或副词的从句 说明动作发生的时间、地点、原因、条件等情境 1. 无先行词;2. 引导词(when/where等)仅起连接作用,不充当从句成分 易错点辨析(when/where/why 的双重用法) 判断步骤(3步快速区分): 找到从句,定位其前面紧挨的词语; 若前面是名词/代词(即先行词),且从句是对该词的描述/限定→定语从句; 若前面无名词/代词,且从句说明时间、地点、原因等情境→状语从句。 例句对比: 定语从句:I visited the city where my grandma lived.(where 前有先行词 city,从句描述 city) 状语从句:I will go where the air is fresh.(where 前无名词,从句说明地点 “去空气清新的地方”) 二、定语从句详解 (一)定义 修饰代词、名词或整个主句(先行词)的从句,在句中相当于形容词,起定语作用,通常紧跟在先行词之后。 (二)关系词的分类与用法 1. 关系代词(在从句中作主语、宾语、定语) 关系代词 指代对象 从句中充当成分 中考高频例句 who 人(主格) 主语 The girl who is reading is my classmate.(正在看书的女孩是我的同学) whom 人(宾格) 宾语(可省略) The boy whom you met yesterday is Tom.(你昨天见到的男孩是汤姆) whose 人/物 定语(“……的”) ①The boy whose bag is lost is crying.(丢了书包的男孩在哭)②This is the book whose cover is red.(这是本封面红色的书) which 物 主语、宾语(宾语可省略) ①The pen which is on the desk is mine.(桌上的钢笔是我的)②I lost the book which I bought yesterday.(我丢了昨天买的书) that 人/物 主语、宾语(宾语可省略) ①The teacher that teaches math is very kind.(教数学的老师很友好)②This is the gift that my mom gave me.(这是妈妈送我的礼物) 中考易错点提醒: 关系代词作宾语时可省略:I like the movie(that/which)we watched last night. 先行词既有人又有物时,只能用 that:We talked about the people and places that we visited. 2. 关系副词(在从句中作状语,相当于 “介词 + which”) 关系副词 指代对象 相当于 中考高频例句 when 时间名词(day, year 等) on/in/at which I remember the day when we had a picnic.(=on which) where 地点名词(city, school 等) in/at/on which This is the school where I studied.(=in which) why 原因名词(reason) for which He told me the reason why he was late.(=for which) 三、状语从句详解 (一)定义 由从属连词引出,修饰主句的动词、形容词或副词,说明动作的时间、地点、原因、条件等情境。 (二)九大类型及中考核心用法 1. 时间状语从句(说明 “何时做”) 从属连词 用法区别 中考高频例句 when 主句、从句动作可同时/先后发生 When he arrived, we were having dinner.(他到的时候,我们正在吃饭) as 强调动作同时进行(“一边……一边”) She sang as she walked.(她边走边唱) while 从句动作持续时间长,主句动作短暂 I was doing homework while my sister was watching TV.(我做作业时,姐姐在看电视) as soon as 强调 “一……就……” As soon as the bell rings, class begins.(铃一响,上课就开始) since 自从 ... ...
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