高考阅读七选五4个必备意识 篇章结构意识 阅读七选五注重对学生行文结构能力的考查。高考所选语篇通常以说明文为主，结构严谨，段落层次分明。篇章以“总—分（—总）”结构最为常见。把握整体结构和段际关系，对于小标题设空类或者主旨句设空类题目的解答大有帮助。 阅读七选五常见的语篇结构如下： 【典例】 （2024 新课标Ⅰ卷）Not all great writers are great spellers.If you want to be published， it’s vital to submit a perfect， professionally presented manuscript （原稿）.36. No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly. I keep two reference books close－by on my desk： dictionary and thesaurus （同义词词典）.I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker.37. Of course， these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses， but I’m old－fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers.I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus. 38. It should give you a precise definition of each word， thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar， but not identical.It will also usually show how the word is pronounced. In addition， I have an old two－volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary， picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence.Of course， with its 2，672 pages， it’s not exactly short.It contains around 163，000 words， plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases.39. However， if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage， there’s nothing better. For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson’s Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755.“To make dictionaries is dull （乏味） work，” wrote Johnson， illustrating one definition of “dull”.40. A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience. A.I don’t often use this dictionary. B.It takes no account of the context. C.But I still don’t want to replace them. D.But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read. E.Of course， a dictionary is not only for spelling. F.That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes. G.Dictionaries don’t always give you enough information. 结构图示： 解题思路：该篇文章是典型的“总—分”结构。据此，我们可以快速地从选项中选出第37、38题的答案。 第37题从反面论述了自己偏爱纸质词典的原因，即：为什么不使用电子词典———拼写检查程序不能很好地顾及上下文。故选B项。 第38题从正面论述了纸质词典的优点。设空处位于句首，总领全段内容———词典的多重作用和功能。故选E项。 正确答案：36~40 FBEAD 句子功能意识 依据句子在文中的作用，该题型选项大致可分为主旨概括句（也称主旨句或主题句，涉及文章或段落整体内容）、衔接过渡句（也称过渡句，承上启下，能够使上下句连贯）和细节支撑句（也称细节句，补充、解释上一句）三个类型。另外两个多余的干扰项也可以通过这三个特点来排除，例如主旨概括句要么过于宽泛，要么以偏概全或偏离主题，衔接过渡句不能反映文章的行文结构，细节支撑句与上文脱节等。 【典例】 （2025 全国一 ... ...
