
/ 让学习更有效 新课备课备考 | 英语学科 2026年春人教版(2024)七年级英语下册核心语法精讲精练 Unit 3 Keep Fit 核心语法:情态动词 一、什么是情态动词? 情态动词是表示说话人语气、情感和态度的动词,它们有一定的词义,但不能单独作谓语,必须与动词原形一起构成谓语。 主要特征: 后接动词原形 没有人称和数的变化(三单不加s) 否定式:直接在情态动词后加not 疑问式:将情态动词提到主语前 二、重点情态动词详解 1. can / could (1)表示能力("会,能") can:现在或将来的能力 I can swim. (我会游泳。) She can speak English well. (她英语说得很好。) could:过去的能力 When I was five, I could ride a bike. (我五岁时就会骑自行车了。) He could run fast when he was young. (他年轻时跑得很快。) (2)表示许可("可以") Can I use your pen (我可以用你的钢笔吗?) You can go home now. (你现在可以回家了。) (3)表示请求(礼貌用语) Can you help me (你能帮我吗?) Could you open the window (请您打开窗户好吗?)【更礼貌】 2. must (1)表示必须、必要 You must finish your homework first. (你必须先完成作业。) Students must wear uniforms at school. (学生在学校必须穿校服。) (2)表示肯定的推测("一定,肯定") It must be true. (这一定是真的。) He must be at home now. (他现在一定在家。) 3. have to 表示客观需要("不得不") 有人称和时态变化(has to, had to, will have to) I have to get up early tomorrow. (我明天必须早起。) She has to clean her room. (她得打扫房间。) must 与 have to 的区别: 区别点 must have to 主观/客观 主观认为必须 客观情况需要 否定意义 mustn't 表示"禁止" don't have to 表示"不必" 时态变化 只有一种形式 有各种时态变化 4. may (1)表示请求或许可(比can更正式) May I come in (我可以进来吗?) You may go now. (你现在可以走了。) (2)表示可能性("可能,也许") It may rain tomorrow. (明天可能会下雨。) She may be right. (她可能是对的。) 三、情态动词的否定式和疑问式 1. 否定式:情态动词 + not can → cannot / can't could → could not / couldn't must → must not / mustn't(表示"禁止") may → may not(表示"可能不"或"不可以") 2. 疑问式:情态动词提到主语前 Can you speak Chinese (你会说中文吗?) Must I do it now (我必须现在做吗?) May I ask a question (我可以问个问题吗?) 四、易混点辨析 1. can 与 be able to can 只有现在时(can)和过去时(could) be able to 可以有各种时态,且表示经过努力而能够 I will be able to drive next year. (明年我就能开车了。) 2. mustn't 与 don't have to You mustn't smoke here. (这里禁止吸烟。) You don't have to come if you are busy. (如果忙,你就不必来了。) 3. 表示推测的三个等级 must:肯定推测(一定) may:可能推测(可能) can't:否定推测(不可能) He must be in the library. (他一定在图书馆。) He may be in the library. (他可能在图书馆。) He can't be in the library. (他不可能在图书馆。) 1.—Look at the sign. What does it mean —It means we fly a kite here. A.needn't B.can't C.mustn't D.don't 2. —Can he play chess —____. He thinks it's fun. A.Yes, he does B.No, he doesn't C.Yes, he can. D.No, he can't 3. If Peter____ to stay healthy, he ____ enough water. A.want, should drink B.want, shouldn't drink C.wants, sho ... ...
~~ 您好,已阅读到文档的结尾了 ~~