【弯道超车】Unit 4 Life on Mars 核心语法之动词被动语态-2026年春牛津译林版九年级英语下册精讲精练 (含答案解析)

/ 让学习更有效 新课备课备考 | 英语学科 2026年春牛津译林版九年级英语下册核心语法精讲精练 Unit 4 Life on Mars 核心语法：动词被动语态 一、核心概念 1. 什么是被动语态？ 语态：表示主语和谓语之间的关系 主动语态：主语是动作的执行者 被动语态：主语是动作的承受者 2. 基本转换公式： 主动：S + V + O 被动：S + be + p.p. + (by + O) 二、被动语态的构成 1. 核心结构：be + 过去分词(p.p.) be动词随人称、数和时态变化 过去分词保持不变 2. 不同时态的被动语态构成表： 时态 主动语态 被动语态结构 例句 一般现在时 do/does am/is/are + p.p. English is spoken worldwide. 一般过去时 did was/were + p.p. The house was built in 1990. 一般将来时 will do will be + p.p. A meeting will be held tomorrow. 现在进行时 am/is/are doing am/is/are being + p.p. The road is being repaired. 过去进行时 was/were doing was/were being + p.p. The car was being cleaned at that time. 现在完成时 have/has done have/has been + p.p. The work has been finished. 过去完成时 had done had been + p.p. The letter had been sent before he came. 含情态动词 情态动词+do 情态动词+be+p.p. The rules must be obeyed. 三、被动语态的用法 1. 使用被动语态的六种情况： 不知道动作执行者 My bike was stolen last night.（不知道谁偷的） 不需要指出动作执行者 English is spoken in many countries.（不需要指出谁说） 强调动作承受者 This book was written by Lu Xun.（强调这本书） 出于礼貌或委婉 Some mistakes were made in your homework.（委婉指出错误） 科技文章、新闻报道 A new hospital will be built here.（新闻报道） 客观说明 Smoking is not allowed here.（规章制度） 2. 不用被动语态的情况： 不及物动词（没有宾语） happen, appear, disappear, rise, fall等 例：The accident happened yesterday.（√） 例：The accident was happened yesterday.（×） 系动词 be, become, seem, feel, look, sound等 表示状态或关系的动词 have, own, possess, belong to, cost, weigh等 例：I have a book.（√）→ A book is had by me.（×） 四、被动语态的转换 主动变被动三步法： 1、找宾语：主动句宾语 → 被动句主语 2、变谓语：动词 → be + p.p.（注意时态一致） 3、加by短语：动作执行者前加by（可省略） 示例对比表： 主动句 被动句 They speak English. English is spoken (by them). She wrote a letter. A letter was written (by her). We will finish the work. The work will be finished (by us). He is repairing the car. The car is being repaired (by him). They have cleaned the room. The room has been cleaned (by them). 五、特殊句型的被动语态 1. 双宾语动词的被动语态 主动：He gave me a book. 被动1：I was given a book by him.（人作主语） 被动2：A book was given to me by him.（物作主语） 2. 复合宾语（宾语+宾补）的被动语态 主动：We call him Tom. 被动：He is called Tom by us. 注意：宾补位置不变 3. 短语动词的被动语态 保持短语完整性 主动：They looked after the children well. 被动：The children were looked after well. 常用短语：look at, listen to, take care of, look for, turn on/off等 4. 含有情态动词的被动语态 结构：情态动词 + be + p.p. 例：The work must be done today. 六、by短语的使用 1. 必须用by短语的情况： 动作执行者是句子重点 The window was broken by Tom, not by John. 动作执行者是特指的人或物 This song was w ... ...