【弯道超车】Unit 3 The environment 核心语法之被动语态-2026年春沪教牛津版(深圳?广州)九年级英语下册精讲精练 (含答案解析)

/ 让学习更有效 新课备课备考 | 英语学科 2026年春沪教牛津版(深圳 广州)九年级英语下册核心语法精讲精练 Unit 3 The environment 核心语法：被动语态 一、核心概念 1. 什么是被动语态？ 语态：表示主语和谓语动词之间的关系 主动语态：主语是动作的执行者 被动语态：主语是动作的承受者 2. 基本转换公式： 主动：S（主语） + V（谓语） + O（宾语） 被动：S（原宾语） + be + p.p.（过去分词） + (by + 原主语) 二、被动语态的构成 1. 核心结构：be + 过去分词(p.p.) be动词随时态、人称、数变化 过去分词保持不变 2. 不同时态的被动语态构成表： 时态 主动语态 被动语态结构 例句 一般现在时 do/does am/is/are + p.p. English is spoken in many countries. 一般过去时 did was/were + p.p. The book was written by Lu Xun. 一般将来时 will do will be + p.p. A meeting will be held tomorrow. 现在进行时 am/is/are doing am/is/are being + p.p. The road is being repaired. 现在完成时 have/has done have/has been + p.p. The work has been finished. 含情态动词 情态动词+do 情态动词+be+p.p. The rules must be obeyed. 三、被动语态的用法 1. 使用被动语态的情况： 不知道动作执行者 My wallet was stolen yesterday.（不知道谁偷的） 不需要指出动作执行者 Rice is grown in the south.（不需要指出谁种） 强调动作承受者 This bridge was built in 2020.（强调桥） 出于礼貌或委婉 Some mistakes were made in your work.（委婉） 客观陈述（科技、新闻） A new hospital will be built here. 2. 不用被动语态的情况： 不及物动词（没有宾语） 例：The accident happened yesterday.（√） 例：The accident was happened yesterday.（×） 连系动词 be, become, seem, feel, look, sound等 表示状态或关系的动词 have, own, possess, belong to, cost, weigh等 例：I have a book.（√）→ A book is had by me.（×） 四、被动语态的转换 主动变被动三步法： 找宾语：主动句宾语 → 被动句主语 变谓语：动词 → be + p.p.（注意时态不变） 加by短语：原主语前加by（可省略） 示例对比表： 主动句 被动句 说明 They speak English. English is spoken (by them). 一般现在时 She wrote a letter. A letter was written (by her). 一般过去时 We will plant trees. Trees will be planted (by us). 一般将来时 He is repairing the bike. The bike is being repaired (by him). 现在进行时 They have cleaned the room. The room has been cleaned (by them). 现在完成时 五、特殊句型的被动语态 1. 双宾语动词的被动语态 主动：He gave me a book. 被动1：I was given a book (by him).（人作主语） 被动2：A book was given to me (by him).（物作主语） 常见双宾动词： give, show, send, bring, lend, tell, teach, buy, make等 2. 短语动词的被动语态 保持短语动词的完整性 主动：They looked after the children. 被动：The children were looked after. 例：The lights should be turned off when you leave. 常见短语动词： look at, listen to, take care of, look for, turn on/off, put on等 3. 含有情态动词的被动语态 结构：情态动词 + be + p.p. 例：The work must be done today. 例：This can be finished in an hour. 六、by短语的使用规则 1. 必须用by短语的情况： 动作执行者是句子重点 This song was written by Jay Chou. 动作执行者是特指的人或物 The window was broken by Tom, not by John. 2. 可以省略by短语的情况： 不知道动作执行者 动作执行者不重要 动作执行者是泛指 English ... ...