初中英语三大从句复习学案（宾语从句+定语从句+状语从句）

初中英语三大从句 that 无意无用（宾语从句中常省略） 1) 连接词 if/whether 有意无用 ( 能作句子成分 ) ( 词义 )宾语从句 wh- how 有意有用 语序：陈述句语序：S V. 时态： 主用现将从不限，主过从过对应变，真金不怕火炼。 P/S. 在宾语从句中，whether 和 if 一般可互换，但下列情况下，whether 不可以用if 代替： 当介词或discuss 后接宾语从句时，只能用whether; We are talking about whether we should attend a lecture on Pompeii tomorrow. We are discussing whether we should attend a lecture on Pompeii tomorrow. 2)与or not 连用时，只能用whether; I don’t know whether or not the plane will take off in such foggy weather. 3) 其后接动词不定式时，只能用whether。 He was still hesitating over whether to go or to stay. 定语从句： 定语从句：修饰名词、代词或名词短语的从句叫定语从句。 先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。一般情况下，定语从句紧跟先行词。但也有因各种原因定语从句与先行词被分割的现象。 3）关系代词和关系副词 定语从句的引导词。与先行词关系密切，因此紧跟先行词，并在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系代词有：who, whom, which, that和whose。关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。关系副词有：when, where和why。在定语从句中充当状语。 4）关系代词的用法 基本用法： 根据先行词的不同，和在从句中所充当的成分不同，选用不同的关系代词。 如下表： 关系词 先行词 从句 成分 例句 备注 关系代词 who 人 主语，宾语 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that。 that 用法真有趣，两个地方它不去：逗号后面它不去，介词之后不考虑。 whom 人 宾语 Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working The boy (whom) she loved died in the war. whose 人，物 定语 I like those books whose topics are about history. The boy whose father works abroad is my classmate. that 人，物 主语，宾语 A plane is a machine that can fly. She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much. which 物 主语，宾语 The book (which) I gave you was worth $10. The picture which was about the accident was terrible. that与which, who, whom的用法区别： 情况 用法说明 例句 只用that的情况 先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代词时。 先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修饰时 先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时 先行词既指人又指物时 先行词被the only, the very修饰时 句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复时 1. He told me everything that he knows. 2. All the books that you offered have been given out. 3. This is the best film that I have ever read. 4. We talked about the persons and things that we remembered. 5. He is the only man that I want to see. 6. Who is the man that is making a speech 只用which, who, whom的情况 在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人 在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。 先行词本身是that时，关系词用which, 先行词为those, one, he时多用who。 1. He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study. 2. I like the person to whom the teacher is talking. 3. Those who respect others are usually respected by others. 5)关系副词的用法 ①根据关系词在 ... ...