(
课件网) 定语从句语法课堂 霍格沃茨语法学院特别课程 1.什么是定语 2.什么是定语从句 3.定语从句的构成 4.定语从句的关系词 5.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 6.如何省略定语从句 7.练一练 目录 美味的胡萝卜 delicious carrots 优秀的警察 excellent police 什么是定语从句 定语从句是修饰名词或代词的从句，在句中作定语。同样起到形容词的作用，用来修饰名词或者代词的句子。 Those are oranges that I bought for kids. 定语从句，在句中作用相当于形容词，修饰其前面的名词oranges. Tips:定语为单词是前置，定语为从句是后置的. 先行词 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。先行词一般出现在定语从句之前。 例 1.Do you know the girl who is singing on the stage 你认识在舞台上唱歌的那个姑娘吗？ 2.This is the museum which was built last year. 这就是去年建成的博物馆。 3.I’ll forever remember the days when I studied abroad.我将永远记得我在国外求学的日子。 3.定语从句的构成？ “一个包含定语从句的复杂句”是由两个（或以上）简单句组合而成的。举一个例子： The girl was in red. The girl broke the glass. (那个女孩穿着红色衣服。) (那个女孩打破了玻璃杯。) 1 2 The girl who was in red broke the glass. (穿红色衣服的女孩打破了那个玻璃杯。) 先行词 关系词 4.定语从句中的关系词 关系代词 关系副词 替代对象 that 人/物 which 物 who whom whose as when where why 人 人 人/物 人/物 时间 地点 原因 that的用法 that指人或物，在从句中可作主语或宾语，还可作表语。 作宾语或表语时that可省略。 She is the girl that helped us yesterday. that作主语，指代the girl 判断句子中的that能否省略，为什么？ The picture that we are studying was drawn by a fifteen-year-old student. 我们正在研究的这幅画是一个十五岁的学生画的。 可以省略，因为that在句中作宾语。 关系代词 which的用法 which一般指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语、表语。 I know the pig, which is called Bajie. The pen with which you are writing is Jeff’s. 在定语从句中作主语 with the pen That which Judy ate was a carrot. 避免2个that，用which 关系代词 ! 引导词which或that的选择 1 2 which和that在引导限制性定语从句时是可以互换的： He painted a picture which/that was about a fairy tale. 如果有介词前置的情形，则必须使用which。 Can you help to find a room in which we can dance 此时引导词不能用that，如以下句子就是错误的： Can you help to find a room in that we can dance 3 无论在什么情况下，that都不能用作非限制性定语从句的引导词，如以下句子就是错误的： Apples, that are good for health, should be eaten every day.× (应把that改为which) ! 关系词指物时，只用that不同which的情况 1 2 3 4 当先行词是all,little,much,none,everything,anything,nothing等不定代词时：Is there anything that you don’t understand 当先行词前面有the only,the very,the last,all,any,no等修饰时：I want to read all the books that were written by Lu Xun. 当先行词前面有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时：This is the best book that I have ever read. 当主句是以疑问词which开头的特殊疑问句时：Which is the hotel that you like best who和whom的用法 二者都用于指人。who在定语从句中作主语、宾语，whom在定语从句中作宾语。 I have many friends to whom I am going to send postcards. He is the man who ... ...
