Unit 2 Growing pains and gains 语法讲义及练习（含答案） 2025-2026学年外研版英语八年级下册

八年级英语下册Unit2语法讲义 被动语态（2） 学习目标 掌握一般过去时的被动语态的结构和用法。 理解带有不定式宾补的动词在被动语态中的变化。 归纳总结一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时的被动语态。 一、一般过去时的被动语态 1. 定义与结构 当我们要强调过去某个动作的承受者，或者不知道/不必强调动作的执行者时，使用一般过去时的被动语态。 结构公式：主语 + _____ + 动词过去分词 (+ by + 动作执行者) 请根据例句补全上面空格中的be动词形式。 例句： Bob _____ encouraged to train for the high jump. （Bob 被鼓励参加跳高训练。） Connie’s ability in swimming _____ noticed by the coach. （Connie 的游泳能力引起了教练的注意。） 2. 各种句式 请观察例句，并补全下列结构中的be动词或助动词。 肯定句：主语 + was/were + 过去分词 (+ by...) 否定句：主语 + was/were + _____ + 过去分词 (+ by...) 例：The window _____ not broken by the boy. 一般疑问句：_____ + 主语 + 过去分词 (+ by...) 例：_____ the letter sent yesterday 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + _____ + 主语 + 过去分词 (+ by...) 例：When _____ the bridge built 注意：was 用于主语是 I / he / she / it 及单数名词；were 用于 you / we / they 及复数名词。 3. 带不定式宾补的动词的被动语态 有些动词后面可以接“宾语 + 不定式（to do）”，如：encourage sb to do sth, allow sb to do sth, ask sb to do sth 等。变为被动语态时，把宾语提前作主语，不定式位置不变。 主动：主语 + 动词 + 宾语 + to do sth 被动：主语（原宾语）+ be + 过去分词 + to do sth (+ by...) 例句对比： The school encouraged Bob to train for the high jump. → Bob _____ encouraged to train for the high jump. The coach noticed Connie’s ability. → Connie’s ability _____ noticed by the coach. 二、被动语态用法总结 1. 三种时态的被动语态结构（以动词do为例） 一般现在时 do / does am / is / are + done 一般过去时 did _____ / _____ + done 一般将来时 will / be going to + do will / be going to + _____ + done 三、配套练习 A. 用所给动词的适当形式填空（注意语态和时态） The 2022 Winter Olympics _____ (hold) in Beijing. These trees _____ (plant) last spring. The book _____ (write) by a famous writer in 2010. Students _____ (allow) to use dictionaries in the exam yesterday. The new film _____ (show) at the cinema next week. Usually, computers _____ (use) to search for information. B. 单项选择 ( ) 1. My bike _____ last night. A. stole B. is stolen C. was stolen D. steals ( ) 2. When _____ the telephone _____ A. was; invented B. is; invented C. did; invent D. will; invent ( ) 3. The children _____ to swim last month and they can swim very well now. A. are taught B. were taught C. taught D. have taught ( ) 4. A new bridge _____ over the river next year. A. built B. is built C. will be built D. was built ( ) 5. English _____ in many countries, but it _____ in China as a foreign language. A. speaks; uses B. is spoken; is used C. speaks; is used D. is spoken; uses C. 句型转换（改为被动语态，每空一词） They built this school in 1995. → This school _____ _____ in 1995. My mother encourages me to read more books. → I _____ _____ to read more books. We will finish the work tomorrow. → The work _____ _____ _____ tomorrow. D ... ...