八年级英语下册Unit2语法讲义 被动语态（2） 一、一般过去时的被动语态 1. 核心定义 表示过去某一时间发生的被动动作，或过去某一阶段存在的被动状态。 2. 基本结构（挖空填写） 肯定句：主语 + _____ + 动词过去分词 (+ by + 动作执行者) 否定句：主语 + was /were + _____ + 动词过去分词 (+ by + 动作执行者) 一般疑问句：_____ + 主语 + 动词过去分词 (+ by + 动作执行者) 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + was /were + 主语 + 动词过去分词 (+ by + 动作执行者) 答案：1. was /were；2. not；3. Was / Were 3. 含不定式宾补的被动语态转换 当主动语态中出现 encourage sb. to do sth.、allow sb. to do sth. 等结构时，被动语态只需将宾语变为主语，不定式位置保持不变： 主动：The school encouraged Bob to train for the high jump. 被动：Bob was encouraged (by the school) to train for the high jump. 二、被动语态用法总结（以 do 为例） 1. 时态结构对比表 时态 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 do / does am / is / are + done 一般过去时 did was / were + done 一般将来时 will / be going to + do will / be going to + be + done 2. 句式结构对比表（挖空填写） 句式类型 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 肯定句形式 主语 + am /is/are + done 主语 + was /were + done 主语 + will /be going to + _____ 否定句形式 主语 + am /is/are + not + done 主语 + was /were + not + done 主语 + will /be going to + not + _____ 一般疑问句形式 Am / Is / Are + 主语 + done Was / Were + 主语 + done Will + 主语 + be + done / Be + 主语 + going to + _____ 特殊疑问句形式 特殊疑问词 + am /is/are + 主语 + done 特殊疑问词 + was /were + 主语 + done 特殊疑问词 + will + 主语 + be + done / 特殊疑问词 + be + 主语 + going to + _____ 答案：be + done；be + done；be + done；be + done 三、配套练习 （一）基础填空（一般过去时被动语态） The letter _____ (send) to my grandma last week. The window _____ (not break) by the boy. _____ the story _____ (tell) by your teacher yesterday (一般疑问句) —Who _____ the cake _____ (make) by —It was made by my mom. (特殊疑问句) The students _____ (encourage) to speak more in class. （二）句型转换（主动 → 被动） We built a new bridge last year.A new bridge _____ _____ last year. They didn’t invite me to the party.I _____ _____ to the party. Did you finish the work on time _____ the work _____ on time The teacher encouraged us to read more books.We _____ _____ to read more books. （三）时态综合填空（一般现在 / 过去 / 将来时被动语态） Rice _____ (grow) in the south every year. A new park _____ (build) here next year. The letter _____ (receive) yesterday. The problem _____ (discuss) at the meeting tomorrow. English _____ (speak) all over the world. 四、参考答案 （一）基础填空（一般过去时） was sent was not broken Was; told was; made were encouraged （二）句型转换 was built was not invited Was; finished were encouraged （三）时态综合填空 is grown will be built / is going to be built was received will be discussed / is going to be discussed is spoken 课堂小测 （时间：15 分钟 满分：30 分） 一、单项选择（每题 2 分，共 10 分） The story _____ by our teacher yesterday.A. was told B. is told C. told The window _____ by Tom just now.A. broke B. w ... ...
