
八年级英语下册Unit3语法讲义 情态动词(1) 一、情态动词的定义 情态动词本身有一定含义,用来表示说话人对行为或事物的态度、看法、语气,如命令、允诺、义务、可能、需要等。 特点:无人称和数的变化,后面接动词原形;否定式在情态动词后加 not。 二、核心情态动词精讲 1. should 含义:表示建议或劝告,意为 “应当、应该”。 结构(挖空填写): 肯定句:主语 + should + _____ 否定句:主语 + should (not /shouldn’t) + _____ 一般疑问句:Should + 主语 + _____ 例句: You should listen to the doctor’s advice. You shouldn’t eat too much junk food. 答案:1. 动词原形;2. 动词原形;3. 动词原形 2. must 含义:表示 “必须”,语气强烈;否定式 must not (mustn’t) 表示 “禁止、不应该”。 结构(挖空填写): 肯定句:主语 + must + _____ 否定句:主语 + must not (mustn’t) + _____ 一般疑问句:Must + 主语 + _____ 例句: She must learn to manage her time better. You mustn’t talk loudly in the library. 答案:1. 动词原形;2. 动词原形;3. 动词原形 3. can 含义:表示 “请求允许” 或 “给予许可”(此处含义不同于表示 “能力” 的 can);否定式 cannot (can’t) 表示 “不能、不可以”。 结构(挖空填写): 肯定句:主语 + can + _____ 否定句:主语 + cannot (can’t) + _____ 一般疑问句:Can + 主语 + _____ 例句: Can I have a look at your photos You can’t pour the milk in first. 答案:1. 动词原形;2. 动词原形;3. 动词原形 4. need 含义:作情态动词时意为 “需要”;否定式 need not (needn’t) 表示 “不需要、不必”。 结构(挖空填写): 肯定句:主语 + need + _____ 否定句:主语 + need not (needn’t) + _____ 3.一般疑问句:Need + 主语 + _____ 注意:need 也可作实义动词,结构为 need to do sth.。 例句: She need only ask. You needn’t wait. 答案:1. 动词原形;2. 动词原形;3. 动词原形 5. must, can, need 一般疑问句的回答 问句 肯定回答 否定回答 Must I... Yes, you must. No, you needn’t. / No, you don’t have to. Can I... Yes, you can. No, you can’t. Need I... Yes, you must. No, you needn’t. 6. have to 含义:表示 “必须”,侧重于客观需要(不得不、被迫);must 侧重于主观看法(认为有必要)。 结构(挖空填写): 肯定句:主语 + have /has to + _____ 否定句:主语 + do /does not have to + _____ 一般疑问句:Do / Does + 主语 + have to + _____ 例句: All passengers must wear seat belts.(主观要求) My bike was broken, so I had to walk to school.(客观需要) 答案:1. 动词原形;2. 动词原形;3. 动词原形 7. had better 含义:表示劝告或建议,意为 “最好……”。 结构(挖空填写): 肯定句:主语 + had better + _____ 否定句:主语 + had better not + _____ 注意:had better 一般不用于疑问句。 例句: You’d better get some sleep. You’d better not waste any more of your time. 答案:1. 动词原形;2. 动词原形 三、配套练习 (一)基础填空 You _____ (should / should not) be late for school. We _____ (must / must not) play football on the road. It’s dangerous. —_____ (Can / Must) I use your pen —Yes, you can. You _____ (need / need not) finish the work today. You can do it tomorrow. My mother is ill, so I _____ (have to / must) stay at home to look after her. You _____ (had better / had better not) stay up too late. It’s bad for your health. ( ... ...
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