
七年级英语下册Unit4语法讲义 祈使句 一、祈使句的定义 祈使句用来表达叮嘱、劝告、希望、禁止、请求或命令等语气,说话对象通常是第二人称 “你 / 你们”,所以主语 you 常被省略。 二、祈使句的特点 一般没有主语,可理解为省略了主语 you。 以动词原形开头,无时态和数的变化。 表达请求时,可在句首或句尾加上 please;语气强烈时可用感叹号。 三、祈使句的结构(挖空填写) 1. 肯定句结构 动词原形 + 其他 例:Give them more personal space. 例:Wave to say goodbye. 例:Please close the door. / Sit down, please. 2. 否定句结构 Don’t + 动词原形 + 其他 例:Don’t stand too close to the river bank. 例:Please don’t do it. 例:Don’t bring any food or drink into the lab next time. 特殊情况:以 be 开头的祈使句,否定形式为 Don’t be + 表语 例:Be careful! → Don’t be careful!(错误)→ Don’t be careless! / Be careful!(正确) 例:Don’t be late again. 四、常见祈使句类型 类型 结构 例句 命令 动词原形 Stop! / Come to my office. 劝告 动词原形 Be careful! / Hurry up! 请求 Please + 动词原形 / 动词原形 + please Please close the door. / Sit down, please. 禁止 Don’t + 动词原形 Don’t be late again. / Don’t bring food into the lab. 五、配套练习 (一)基础填空 _____ (give) them more personal space. _____ (not stand) too close to the river bank. _____ (be) careful! _____ (not be) late again. Please _____ (close) the door. (二)句型转换 Close the window.(改为否定句)_____ _____ the window. Don’t be late.(改为肯定句)_____ _____. Sit down, please.(改为同义句)_____ _____ sit down. Don’t eat in class.(对划线部分提问)_____ _____ you do in class (三)情景选择 当你想提醒同学 “小心!” 时,应说:A. Be careful!B. You are careful! 当你想表达 “请不要迟到” 时,应说:A. Don’t be late, please.B. You don’t be late. 六、参考答案 (一)基础填空 Give Don’t stand Be Don’t be close (二)句型转换 Don’t close Be on time / Be punctual Please What don’t (三)情景选择 A A 祈使句课堂小测 (时间:15 分钟 满分:30 分) 一、单项选择(每题 2 分,共 10 分) _____ careful! The floor is wet.A. Be B. Are C. Being _____ late again, or the teacher will be angry.A. Don’t be B. Not be C. Be not Please _____ the door when you leave.A. close B. closes C. closing _____ bring any food or drink into the library.A. Not B. Don’t C. Doesn’t —_____ I come in —Come in, please.A. Can B. May C. Both A and B 二、用所给词的适当形式填空(每题 2 分,共 10 分) _____ (give) me a piece of paper, please. _____ (not stand) too close to the street. _____ (be) quiet! The baby is sleeping. _____ (not be) afraid. I’ll help you. Please _____ (not forget) to bring your homework. 三、句型转换(每题 2 分,共 10 分) Open the window.(改为否定句)_____ _____ the window. Don’t run in the hallway.(改为肯定句)_____ in the hallway. Sit down, please.(改为同义句)_____ _____ sit down. Be careful.(改为否定句)_____ _____ careless. Don’t be late for school.(对划线部分提问)_____ _____ be late for 参考答案 一、单项选择 A A A B C 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 Give Don’t stand Be Don’t be don’t forget 三、句型转换 Don’t open Walk ... ...
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