(课件网) 主题语境:人与自然———探索宇宙奥秘 [典句探究] ①Millions watched that first lunar landing...of the many things that could go wrong. ②With the eyes of students across the nation upon her,she might have inspired an entirely new generation of astronauts and space scientists. ③The world went into shock,most people having assumed that this space flight would be no more dangerous than travelling in an aeroplane. ④I can remember that day so clearly,watching the take-off on TV at school. ⑤The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us,reminding us that we must continue to reach for the stars,no matter how distant they might seem. 复习情态动词 [我的发现] 1.句①中情态动词could表示 ; 2.句②中情态动词might+have inspired表示对过去事情的 ; 3.句③中情态动词would表示 ; 4.句④中情态动词can表示 ; 5.句⑤中情态动词must表示 ,might表示 。 推测可能性 推测 预测 能力 必要性 推测可能性 一、情态动词概述 1.情态动词的定义 情态动词不随主语的人称和数变化(have to和be able to例外),也没有过去分词和动词-ing形式词形变化。情态动词后接动词原形,并常与行为动词或系动词连用,构成谓语。 2.情态动词的类型 (1)只作情态动词的有:must,can (could),may (might),ought to。 (2)可作情态动词也可作实义动词的有:need,dare。 (3)可作情态动词也可作助动词的有:shall (should),will (would)。 (4)具有情态动词的某些特征的有:be able to,have (has) to,used to,had better。 二、情态动词的基本用法 1.表示能力(can/could/be able to) (1)can表示一般的能力,could泛指过去的能力。 She can solve complex math problems quickly,even without a calculator. 她可以快速解决复杂的数学问题,甚至不用计算器。 He could play tennis well when he was twelve. 他十二岁时网球就打得很好了。 (2)can在时态上只有现在时和过去时两种,而be able to则有更多的时态;be able to强调“通过努力而有能力做到”,如果表示“某事已经成功做成”应用was/were able to,而不用could。 (2024·全国甲卷)However,another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells. 然而,猫能够区分不同情况的另一种方式是寻找熟悉的气味。 After studying hard all week,she was able to pass the difficult exam. 努力学习了整整一周后,她得以通过了那次困难的考试。 2.表示请求、允许、允诺(can/could/may/might/shall/will/would) (1)表示请求、允许时,在一般疑问句中could可以代替can,但could表示的语气更委婉,答语要用can。 —Can/Could I use your bike tomorrow morning —Yes,you can. “明早我能借用你的自行车吗?” “好的,可以。” (2)may表示请求、允许,意为“可以”。might表示的语气更委婉。might可以指过去的时间,也可指现在的时间。其疑问句的否定回答为I'm afraid not或用mustn't。 (2023·浙江卷1月)You may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire. 你可以控制你自己的空间,从而实现你想要的改变。 —Might I ask for a picture of your little daughter —Yes,you may. “我可以要一张你小女儿的照片吗?” “可以。” (3)shall用于第一、三人称的疑问句,表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。 Shall I turn on the air conditioner It feels a bit warm in here. 我把空 ... ...