(课件网) 主题语境：人与自然———探究未知 [典句探究] ①Through comparison，he found that the locations of the 117 known Maya cities correspond to the positions of the stars. ②What is most extraordinary about these complex structures is how they were built without the use of wheels，metal tools or even animal power. ③The fact that Maya society was technologically primitive makes its achievements all the more incredible and mysterious. 复习名词性从句 ④Why Maya civilisation collapsed remains a mystery. ⑤By changing the landscape in this way，it is possible that the Maya people unknowingly reduced their ability to deal with natural disasters. [我的发现] 1.句①中that引导 从句。 2.句②中What引导 从句；how引导 从句。 3.句③中that引导 从句。 4.句④中Why引导 从句。 5.句⑤中it为形式 ，that引导的 从句为真正的主语。 宾语 主语 表语 同位语 主语 主语 主语 在复合句中相当于名词的从句，称为名词性从句，主要分为主语从句、 宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四类。名词性从句的引导词及其用法如下： 类别 引导词 意义 功能 从属 连词 that 无意义 不充当成分 whether/if 是否 不充当成分 连接 代词 what(ever) (无论)什么 主语、宾语、表语、定语 which(ever) (无论)哪一个 主语、宾语、定语 who(ever) (无论)谁 主语、宾语、表语 whom 谁 宾语 whose 谁的 定语 类别 引导词 意义 功能 连接 副词 when 何时 时间状语 where 哪里 地点状语 why 为何 原因状语 how 如何 方式状语 一、主语从句 1.主语从句的引导词 主语从句通常由以上名词性从句引导词引导。 What upsets me most is his rudeness. 最让我生气的是他的粗鲁。 Every year，whoever makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival. 每年，谁做的风筝最漂亮，谁就会在风筝节上获奖。 2.it作形式主语 (1)It＋be＋形容词(necessary/likely/important/certain等)＋that从句 (2)It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)＋that从句 (3)It＋be＋过去分词(said/believed/expected/thought/known/reported等)＋that从句 (4)It＋特殊动词(seems，appears，happens，matters等)＋that从句 It was astonishing that she didn't care about my feelings. 令人惊讶的是，她竟不在乎我的感受。 It's a pity that you couldn't feel it in the flesh. 遗憾的是，你不能切身感受到它。 [即时演练1] 用适当的引导词填空 ① the space mission went so well was beyond our expectations. ② the ancient people built the pyramids in the past with primitive tools puzzled people for centuries. ③It is likely native Americans moved to California at least 15，000 years ago. ④ we discussed yesterday is a very hot topic at present. ⑤It doesn't matter you pay in cash or by credit card in this store. ⑥ will become the next president of this country is still a mystery. That How that What whether Who 二、宾语从句 1.宾语从句的引导词 宾语从句的引导词与主语从句的引导词大致一样，在句中可以作及物动词、介词及部分形容词的宾语。 Betty thinks that trees can improve the air. 贝蒂认为树木可以改善空气。 Now a lot of people might wonder why I would step out into traffic like that to rescue a single butterfly. 现在很多人可能想知道我为什么要到那么拥挤的车流中去救一只蝴蝶。 Yo ... ...
