U3 Environmental protection 直接引语与间接引语 学案 选必三 （含答案）

/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科 直接引语与间接引语学案 (选必三U3 Environmental protection) 教学重点 · 核心转换规则：人称遵循一随主、二随宾、三不变；· 时态变化：主句为一般过去时，引语时态倒退一步，掌握两种时态不变的特殊情况（主句现时时态 / 引语为客观真理）；· 标志性词汇转换：熟记时间、地点、指示代词及方向性动词的对应转换（this→that、here→there、come→go 等）；· 句式转换：陈述句用 that 引导（可省），一般疑问句用 if/whether，特殊疑问句保留疑问词，均变陈述语序；祈使句转换为tell/ask/order sb. (not) to do结构；· 固定用法：间接引语无引号，多为宾语从句形式。 教学难点 · 时态转换的灵活判断，尤其是时态不变场景的精准识别和过去完成时的正确运用；· 复杂语境中人称的连续转换，避免多个人称并存时的混淆；· 时间、地点等标志性词汇的对应记忆与准确转换，防止遗漏或误用；· 疑问句转间接引语时语序的正确调整，避免保留疑问语序。 一、概念回顾 直接引语：直接引用别人的原话，放在引号内。 间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话，不作直接引用，无引号，多为宾语从句。 二、转换核心注意事项 1. 人称变化：一随主，二随宾，三不变 一随主：直接引语中的第一人称，随主句主语变 例：He said, “I am tired.” → He said that he was tired. 二随宾：直接引语中的第二人称，随主句宾语变 例：She said to me, “You are right.” → She told me that I was right. 三不变：第三人称不变化 例：He said, “She is a teacher.” → He said that she was a teacher. 2. 时态变化（主句为一般过去时，引语时态倒退一步） 一般现在时 → 一般过去时 例：He said, “I like apples.” → He said that he liked apples. 现在进行时 → 过去进行时 例：She said, “I am reading.” → She said that she was reading. 一般将来时 → 过去将来时（will → would） 例：He said, “I will go.” → He said that he would go. 现在完成时 → 过去完成时 例：She said, “I have finished.” → She said that she had finished. 一般过去时 → 过去完成时 例：He said, “I saw her.” → He said that he had seen her. 时态不变的两种情况（必考） ① 主句为现在时/现在完成时，时态不变 例：He says, “I am happy.” → He says that he is happy. ② 引语为客观真理、自然规律，时态永远不变 例：The teacher said, “The earth goes around the sun.” → The teacher said that the earth goes around the sun. 3. 时间、地点、指示词变化 变化项目 直接引语 间接引语 指示代词 this that these those 时间状语 today, tonight that day, that night this week/month… that week / month … yesterday the day before ten days /weeks…ago ten days /weeks…before tomorrow/next year… the next day/year… 地点状语 here there 方向性动词 come go bring take 4. 句式结构变化 陈述句：用 that 引导（可省），语序不变 一般疑问句：用 if / whether 引导，变陈述语序 例：He asked, “Do you like English ” → He asked if/whether I liked English. 特殊疑问句：保留疑问词，变陈述语序 例：She asked, “Where do you live ” → She asked where I lived. 祈使句：tell/ask/order sb. (not) to do 例：He said to me, “Open the door.” → He told me to open the door. 一、基础填空题 要求：将直接引语改为间接引语。 1. He says, “I am a student.” He says that he _____ a student. 2. She said, “I like music.” She said that she _____ music. 3. ... ...