【弯道超车】Unit 7 Charities 核心语法之一般现在时的被动语态-2026年春译林版（2024）八年级英语下册精讲精练 (含答案解析)

/ 让学习更有效 新课备课备考 | 英语学科 2026年春译林版（2024）八年级英语下册核心语法精讲精练 Unit 7 Charities 核心语法：一般现在时的被动语态 一、核心概念 1. 什么是被动语态？ 主动语态：主语是动作的执行者 例：Volunteer doctors do operations on the plane.（志愿医生在飞机上做手术。） 被动语态：主语是动作的承受者 例：The plane is used as a training centre.（飞机被用作培训中心。） 2. 什么是一般现在时的被动语态？ 定义：表示经常性、习惯性发生的被动动作，或描述客观事实 核心结构：am/is/are + 过去分词 (p.p.) 二、结构公式 1. 基本结构：am/is/are + 过去分词 主语 be动词 结构 例句 I am am + p.p. I am often asked to do this work. He/She/It is is + p.p. Rice is grown in South China. We/You/They are are + p.p. Football is played all over the world. 2. 否定形式：am/is/are + not + 过去分词 缩写：isn't, aren't 例：Driving after drinking isn't allowed in many countries. 3. 疑问形式：Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 过去分词 + 例：Are Oxfam shops opened every day 三、被动语态的使用情景 1. 动作的执行者很明显或无需指出 情景 例句 说明 执行者显而易见 The plane is used as a training centre. 谁使用不重要 不知道执行者 His bike is kept in the garage. 不需要知道谁放的 执行者泛指 English is spoken in many countries. 泛指人们说英语 2. 强调动作的承受者而非执行者 主动语态 被动语态（强调承受者） People grow rice in the south. Rice is grown in the south. Workers build houses every year. Houses are built every year. 3. 客观事实或科学真理 例句 说明 History is made by the people. 历史由人民创造 Cotton is grown in many places in China. 棉花在中国许多地方种植 四、主动语态变被动语态 三步转换法 找宾语：主动句的宾语 → 被动句的主语 变谓语：主动句的谓语 → am/is/are + 过去分词 加by短语：原主语前加by（可省略） 转换示例 步骤 示例 主动句 Volunteer doctors do operations on the plane. ① 宾语变主语 Operations... ② 谓语变被动 ... are done ... ③ 加by短语 ... by volunteer doctors on the plane. 被动句 Operations are done by volunteer doctors on the plane. 关于by短语的省略规则 情况 例句 说明 保留by短语 The car was cleaned by my father. 强调“谁洗的” 省略by短语 The car is cleaned every week. 不需要知道谁洗的 五、特殊句型处理 1. 短语动词的被动语态 短语动词在被动语态中应视为一个整体，不可拆分： 主动句 被动句 We should hand out leaflets to people. Leaflets are handed out to people. They take care of the children. The children are taken care of. 教材例句： Leaflets are handed out to people in the street by volunteers.（传单被志愿者分发给街上的人。） 常见短语动词： hand out（分发） take care of（照顾） set up（建立） look after（照看） 2. 双宾语动词的被动语态 当主动句有两个宾语时，通常将间接宾语（人）变为主语： 主动句 被动句 They send children new books. Children are sent new books. 或 New books are sent to children. 教材例句： New books are sent to children in poor areas. 六、常见错误提醒 常见错误及纠正： be动词形式错误 The trees is planted every year. The trees are planted every year.（trees是复数） 遗漏be动词 English spoken here. English is spoken here. 用错过去分词 The letter is write by Lucy. The letter is written b ... ...