2025-2026学年第二学期寒假作业测试高二英语学科 第一部分阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题g每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Four Famous Female Scientists Katherine Johnson Katherine Johnson graduated from college -with honors at the same age most people graduated from high school.She later applied to a program at the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics and earned a spot as one of the agency's human computers.One of Katherine's most important jobs was calculating the path of the first American manned spaceflight in 1961 and the Apollo moon landing in 1969. Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin When Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin became the first woman to receive a PhD from Harvard's Radeliffe College,no one knew how much her doctoral paper would change the world of science.Her conclusion that stars are composed mainly of hydrogen and helium (contradicted the main theory of the time,and some of the day's leading scientists openly questioned her findings.It would take more than a decade for another scientist to reach the same conclusion. Lise Meitner Lise Meitner is one of only two women to have an element named in her honor -the element with the atomic number 109 is called meitnerium She was the first physics professor in Germany and the first scientist to include the term"nuclear fission ()in a published paper.During her career,she discovered what causes the Auger Effect,explained how nuclear fission works, and uncovered the element protactinium () Grace Hopper Grace Hopper was known for her pioneering work in the development of computer programming languages.She began her career in computing and worked on the Harvard Mark I computer program Later,she created the first program that translated code into machine language,and also developed the COBOL (Common Business-Oriented Language)programming language. 1.What was a notable contribution made by Katherine Johnson A.She obtained a PhD degree at Harvard. B.She developed a programming language. C.She clarified the mechanism of nuclear fission. D.She worked out the routes for major space missions. 1
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