人教版八年级下册Unit 1单元语法知识梳理与练习 一：单元语法知识梳理 (Unit 1 Time to Relax) 一、动词不定式作目的状语 (Infinitives as adverbials) 【规则变化】 动词不定式的基本形式是“to ＋动词原形”。动词不定式可以用来作目的状语，表示做某事的目的或动机。 【注意】 不定式作目的状语时，通常放在句末。有时为了强调目的，也可以放在句首，此时通常用逗号与主句隔开。 【拓展】 对目的状语进行提问时，通常使用疑问词 Why（为什么）或 What ... for。 【例句】 I play the flute to relax. 我吹长笛来放松自己。 I went to the sports centre to ice-skate. 我去体育中心滑冰。 To improve my English, I read English stories every day. 为了提高英语，我每天读英语故事。 二、带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语 (Infinitives as object complements) 【规则变化】 有些动词后面需要跟带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语将要执行的动作。常见的结构为：动词 + sb. + to do sth.。常见的这类动词有：ask, tell, want, invite, advise, encourage, teach等。 【易错点】 动词不定式的否定形式是由“not ＋ 动词不定式”构成，即：动词 + sb. + not to do sth.。绝不能在to后面加not，也不能写成don't to do。 【例句】 My cousin often asks me to fly kites with her. 我表妹经常叫我和她一起放风筝。 My parents told me not to push myself too hard. 我父母告诉我不要把自己逼得太紧。 She told me not to give up so easily. 她告诉我不要这么轻易放弃。 三、不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语 【规则变化】 有一些特殊的动词后，用作宾语补足语的动词不定式必须省略to（即使用动词原形）。这类动词主要有两类： 1. 感官动词：see, hear, watch, feel, notice 等。 2. 使役动词：make, let, have 等。 【注意】 感官动词后接不带to的不定式 (do)，表示看到了整个动作发生的全过程或动作经常发生；若接动词-ing形式 (doing)，则强调动作正在进行。 【拓展】 当含有上述感官动词和使役动词的句子变为被动语态时，被省略的 to 必须还原回来。例如：He was seen to enter the room. 【例句】 I saw my mother paint. 我看到我妈妈画画。 It made me decide to try skiing. 这使我决定尝试滑雪。 I'd love to watch you fly kites sometime. 我很乐意找个时间看你放风筝。 二：单元语法知识练习 I. 单项选择（10道） 1. I went to the sports centre _____ ice-skate with my friends last weekend. A. to B. for C. in D. from 2. My instructor told me _____ up so easily when I fell down on the ice. A. not give B. don't give C. to not give D. not to give 3. The funny video of the cat made us _____ out loud. A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughing D. laughed 4. —How did you get into painting —I saw my mother _____ when I was a child. It was beautiful. A. to paint B. paints C. paint D. painted 5. _____ Chinese calligraphy well, Yaming spends hours practicing single strokes every day. A. Write B. To write C. Writing D. Writes 6. Parents often advise their children _____ too much time playing computer games. A. not to spend B. don't spend C. not spend D. to not spend 7. It’s important _____ to relax once in a while. A. don't forget B. not forget C. not to forget D. not forgetting 8. Look at the baby. Let him _____ a good rest now. A. have B. to have C. having D. has 9. —Why are you collecting so many postcards —_____ about diffe ... ...
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