(课件网) 复习动词不定式 一、图解语法 二、观察感悟 阅读下面短文，感知加黑部分，并完成下面的练习。 As we all know，it's important ①to master a foreign language.However，Lin Tao found it difficult ②to learn English，leaving him at a loss.He was always busy and had a lot of homework given by his English teacher ③to do.There was an urgent need ④to improve his learning efficiency in order ⑤to keep up with the teacher's pace.One day，his teacher advised him ⑥to sign up for an online course，whose aim was ⑦to improve students' enthusiasm for learning and it provided useful learning methods.⑧To improve his English performance，he worked day and night，focusing on his course and practicing hard. [我的发现] 1.以上句子中黑体部分均是动词不定式。动词不定式在句中可充当主语(如___)、宾语(如___)、宾语补足语(如___)、表语(如___)、定语(如____)及目的状语(如_____)。 2.动词不定式的一般式结构为_____。 ① ② ⑥ ⑦ ③④ ⑤⑧ to do 一、动词不定式的形式特点 动词不定式的形式是“to＋动词原形”。其否定形式为“not to ＋动词原形”。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。 二、动词不定式的时态和语态 — 主动语态 被动语态 意义 一般式 to do to be done 表示动作与谓语动作同时发生或发生在谓语动作之后 完成式 to have done to have been done 表示动作发生在谓语动作之前 进行式 to be doing — 表示谓语动作发生时，动词不定式的动作正在进行 1.动词不定式的一般式的主动形式为(not) to do，其被动式为(not) to be done，常表示尚未发生或者谓语动词随后发生的动作或状态。 I need to do my homework before I go out with friends，or my parents will be angry. 在我和朋友出去之前，我需要做作业，否则我的父母会生气。 The project is almost finished，and it needs to be done by tomorrow to meet the deadline. 项目快完成了，为了按时交付，需要在明天之前完工。 2.动词不定式的完成式为(not) to have done，表示动词不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前，其被动式为(not) to have been done。 He was disappointed not to have done well in the exam. 他因考试不理想而感到失望。 The task is said to have been completed last week，but no one is sure if it was actually finished on time. 据说这项任务上周已经完成，但没有人确定它是否真的按时完成。 3.动词不定式的进行式为(not) to be doing，表示在谓语动作发生时，动词不定式的动作也正在进行。 When his mother came in，he pretended to be studying. 当他妈妈进来时，他假装在学习。 [即时演练1] 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①(2025·全国一卷)As a new unit started，I asked everyone _____(write) a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice. ②With a lot of work _____(do)，she will be busy in the following days. ③The task is expected _____(complete) by the end of the day. ④(2024·全国甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level，the national parks，in particular，tend _____(catch) our attention because of their large size and variety. to write to do to be completed to catch ⑤我今天有很多事情要做，比如打扫房子和购物。 I _____ today，like cleaning the house and shopping for groceries. ⑥他假装没有做完作业，尽管他早就做完了。 He pretended ... ...
