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课件网) Unit 3 : Faster, higher, stronger Using language Grammar: -ing as subject Grammar: -ing as subject 一、动名词的特点 1．既有动词的特征，也有名词的特征； 2．动名词由“动词原形＋－ing”构成，其否定形式为“not＋动名词”； 3．动名词在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等，但不能作谓语。 二、动名词的时态语态 类别 时态 形式 语态形式 主动 被动 v.－ing 一般式 完成式 doing being done having done having been done 一.含义 动词-ing形式作主语，常用来表示经常性或习惯性的动作. eg. 钓鱼是我的爱好。 Fishing is my pleasure. eg.空谈无济于事。 Talking mends no holes. 一.含义 1.动词-ing形式作主语通常放在句首。 Wasting a person's time is the same as killing him for his property. 浪费别人的时间无异于谋财害命。 二、动名词作主语的几种情况： 注意： 1. 谓语动词用单数形式 大声朗读对于学习第二语言是很重要的。 Reading aloud is vital to learn a second language. 眼见为实。 Seeing is believing. 理解你自己的交流需求及风格和学会表达你的爱和情感一样重要。 Understanding your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotion. 1.单个动名词 + 单数谓语动词 动名词 + and + 动名词 + 复数谓语动词 表达的语意不一致 动名词 + and + 动名词 + 单数谓语动词 表达的语意一致 Lying and stealing are immoral. 说谎和盗窃是不道德的。 Going to bed and getting up early is a good habit. 早睡早起是个好习惯。 补充： 2.当句子中的主语和表语都是非限定动词时，要遵循前后一致的原则， 主语和表语在形式上要求统一 Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. 2．动名词作主语，且主语较长时，为了平衡句子结构，通常用it作形式 主语。常见句式： 主要用在句型It is +表示否定的形容词(-less)或名词(no good, no use, a waste of time, fun)中。 It is/was no good/ use+doing..... 做……是无用/无益 useless/worth/ worthwhile/ a waste of time doing......做……是无用/值得的/浪费时间的 It is no use _____(tell) him not to worry. It's useless _____(study) English without practice. It's a waste of time _____(talk) about that. It's fun _____(breath) in fresh air in the morning mountains. 注意：important，essential，necessary 等形容词不能用于上述结构。 telling studying talking breathing 3. -ing form 用于“There be”结构中。 There is no saying when he'll come. There is no telling what will happen. 4. -ing form用于布告形式的省略结构中。 No smoking （禁止吸烟） No parking. （禁止停车） No talking. （禁止交谈） No trampling. （禁止踩踏） 5. -ing form的复合结构作主语。 -ing form的复合结构在句中作主语，当 -ing form有自己的逻辑主语时，常可以在前面加上一个名词所有格，形容词性物主代词或人称代词的宾格，构成 -ing form复合结构。 Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. Student's knowing English well helps them in learning French. -ing form的复合结构作主语时，必须用名词或代词所有格，作宾语时，也可直接用名词或人称代词宾格。 They insist on Mary's /Mary going with them there. 6.-ing form 的否定形式直接在-ing form前面+ not Trying without success is better than _____(not try) at all. 试过没有成功也比不尝试好。 _____(not make) enough preparations in ... ...
