(
课件网) 英语的句子成分 1 主语 句子的主体，表明一个句子说的 是谁或是什么事 2 谓语 说明主语的动作或状态 4 宾语 用在及物动词或介词后，表示动作的 行为对象或介词某种联系的对象 状态、身份、类属、所在地点等 5 补语 用来补充说明宾语或主语的情况 3 表语 用在系动词后面，表示主语的特征、 英语的句子成分 6 定语 用来限定或修饰名词一类的词 7 状语 用来修饰动词、形容词、副词及从句 10 十大词类等和句子成分间的关系(见下表) 8 同位语 用在名词或代词后，对其作补充说明 9 与全句没有什么语法关系，用来 独立成份 表示说话人的语气、感情等 7. The missing haven’t been found yet. The unemployed usually lead a hard life. “A” is an article. 1 主语 I. 主语可以用以下这些东西来表示： 1. A foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life. 2. This is Mary speaking. 3. Two-thirds of the doctors there are women. 4. There is no telling when they can get ready. 5. To finish the novel will take up much of my spare time. 6. a.That they failed in their attempt is entirely understandable. b.Whether we’ll go depends on the weather. c.What has happened proves that our policy is right. (名词) (代词) (数词) (动名词) (不定式) (从句) (名词化的其他词类) 6.由从句担任主语 a.由陈述句变化来的主语从句 b.由一般、反意或选择问句变化来的主语从句 c.由特殊问句变化来的主语从句 3.a. It’s rather hot today. b. It’s only ten minutes’ drive to the airport. c. It is the Mid-Autumn Festival. II. 以it 作主语或形式主语的句子 1.a. “What’s this ” “ It’s a harvester.” b. “I’m translating some of Shelley’s poems.” “Oh, it’s not an easy job” 2.a. “Who is making such a noise ” “It must be the children.” b. It’s the wind shaking the window. 4. It was in the school library that I met him. When was it that you had the get-together with them 1.代替刚提到过的一个事物： a.指一个具体的东西 b.指前面所谈的情况 2. a.指做某个动作的人 b.指引起某种情况的事物 3. a.指自然现象 b.指距离、环境等 c.指时间、季节等 4. it 用来引起强调句： it 没有词意，只帮助改变句子的结构，使某一成分得到强调。 5. a. It is foolish (of…) to be still worrying about it. It’s not easy (for us) to learn English well. b. Is it worthwhile making such an experiment 6. a. It was clear that they had no desire for peace. b. It doesn’t matter whether he agrees with me. c. It hasn’t been made clear when the new road is to be opened to traffic. 7. a.It is a pity (a shame, a fact, an honor, a wonder, a good thing, good news, no wonder) that… b.It is strange (natural, surprising, obvious, true, unusual, fortunate, wonderful, funny, impossible, unlikely) that… c.It seems (happened, struck me, occurred to me) that… d.It was said (reported, decided, expected, …) that… e.It is doubtful (not known, not made clear, to be found out, to be decided, being considering, ) + It doesn’t matter (make too much difference) + whether / who, when, how…连接代/副词引起的从句 5.做形式主语 a.代替由不定式担任的主语 b.代替由动名词担任的主语 6.做形式主语代替由从句担任的主语 a.由陈述句变化来的主语从句 b.由一般、反 ... ...
