模块5 Unit 1 Getting along with others 不定式讲解

课件20张PPT。InfinitiveSept 4,2008 一、动词不定式在句中起着名词、形容词和副词的作用, 在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语及补足语。高考侧重考查其作宾语、定语、目的状语、表语的功能以及无to不定式的用法。 二、不定式的形式（以do为例） 1. to do 2. to be done 3. to be doing 4. to have done 5. to have been done 6. to have been doing 三、不定式的功能 1）To find a best friend is difficult. 2）To say something is one thing; to do it is another. 3）To see is to believe. want, hope, wish, expect, pretend, plan, decide, wish, refuse, promise, expect, choose, manage, intend, offer, afford, demand.等动词后需接不定式作宾语。I want to go out for a walk.1. 作主语(subject)2. 作宾语(object) 3. 作表语 (predicative) 1）To see is to believe. 2）My wish is to go to college. 3）Our purpose is to build a harmonious society. 4. 作定语 (attribute) 1）He has no pen to write with. 2）There are five pairs of shoes to choose from. 3）I have some homework to do. 4）There is a lot of work to do ( to be done). 5）I have no choice to go abroad. 6）They never had a moment to rest. 不定式作定语时，如果与所修饰的名词之间是动宾关系，要用其主动式表被动意义，但在there be结构中用其主动式或被动式都可以。注意如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词，应加上适当的介词。但在time, place, way 后的不定式省略介词。 以上例句都表示“有……要……”，如果不表此概念，则表被动且发生在将来，应用不定式的被动式，如： 7) The homework to be done tomorrow is easy. 8) --Jack, I’m going to Shanghai next week. Do you have anything to be taken to your mother? 1) Dad arranged some games to surprise me. （目的） 2)To go abroad, he is working hard at English. （目的） 4) He smiled to think of his clever plan.(原因) 5) I was surprised to find my former English teacher. (原因) 6) I hurried to the post office, only to find it closed. (结果) 7) You are so kind as to help me. （结果） 8) He was such a fool as to believe his lies.(结果) 5. 作状语（adverbial)注意句型 S + be + adj. + to do.（不定式的主动式表被动意义） Mount Tai is difficult to climb. （结果） 6. 作宾语补足语 (或主语补足语） 1）He told me to get some water. 2）The doctor warned the patient not to smoke. 3）The patient was warned not to smoke. 四、使用不定式应注意的问题 not to do 1) 5看2听1感觉，make、have和let, 主动语态不用to,被动语态to跟着。 但5看2听1感觉后的动作表正在进行时，用doing。 2. 无to不定式（bare infinitive)的应用 1. 不定式的否定式 A. Liu Hulan would rather die than give in. B. Why not write an E-mail to him. A. I decided to write rather than ring. B. She preferred to go with us rather than stay behind. C. We have nothing to do but wait at present. D. We do nothing but / except go all out. 3）在rather than，than, but, except, 后2) 在would rather，had better, 及why后 但but 及except前无do时，则其后用有to不定式。 E. have no choice but / except to do sth. F. He seldom comes except to ask me for money. G. He hardly remembered anything but to know his father’s name. A) He told me to go and get some water. B) Do you want to go shopping or see a film? C) To go t ... ...