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备战2018高考英语一轮复习专题讲解(句法部分)非谓语动词

日期:2024-05-05 科目:英语 类型:高中学案 查看:36次 大小:150595Byte 来源:二一课件通
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备战,2018,高考,英语,一轮,复习
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非谓语动词 所谓非谓语动词,顾名思义也就是不能单独用作谓语的动词(但与助动词结合可构成“进行时态、系表结构、完成时态、被动语态等谓语形式”),非谓语动词在英语句子结构中用法非常广泛、灵活,可充当主语、表语、宾语、补语、定语、状语等。现在笔者向同学们作分类介绍: 动词不定式 不定式作主语 一般置于句首: To see one time is better than to hear one hundred times. 常见用it代替它作形式主语,而把不定式或不定式结构移到句尾: It's our duty to serve the people. 在含有不定式作主语的疑问句或感叹句中,一般只用it作形式主语。常见: Is it a good idea to plant some flowers there? 不可以说: Is to plant some flowers there a good idea? 不定式作表语 连系动词be,seem,appear,get,remain等常用不定式作表语,如果主语部分有实义动词do时,表语常可用不带to的不定式。例如: My idea is to have a trip on Sunday. The only thing I can do now is wait at home. 不定式作动词宾语 动词+不定式:The girl asked to see the headmaster. 常见的跟带to的不定式结构作宾语的动词有:agree,aim,arrange,ask,choose,decide, demand,pretend,expect,hope,learn,long,manage,offer,pretend,promise,refuse,wish,want,hate等。但help后的不定式常可省掉的,如: They helped(to)do the cleaning this morning. 动词十疑问词(why除外)+不定式:We must find out what to do next. 常见能跟“疑问词十不定式”结构作宾语的动词有:decide,find out,forget,know,learn, remember,see,think,understand,wonder等。 形式宾语it十宾语补足语十不定式 I felt it my duty to report it to the headmaster. 有时也用:形式宾语it+宾语补足语+for+名词+不定式: All these noises made it impossible for me to go on with the work. 后接以上结构的常用动词有:feel,find,make,think,count等。 不定式作介词宾语 一般说来,不定式不用作介词宾语。但在以下两种情况则可以。 在介词but/except之后接不定式作宾语。如果but/except前有实义动词do,but/except 后的不定式通常不带to;如果but/except前没有实义动词do,but/except后的不定式—般要带to。试比较: They could do nothing but wait for the teacher to arrive. He seldom comes except to ask for help. 介词+疑问词(why除外)+带to的不定式 They are talking about where to spend their holiday. Everyone has his own idea of how to do it. 不定式作宾语补足语 这类结构常见的有: 动词+宾语+带to的不定式 They warned us not to go out at night. 后接“宾语+带to的不定式”的动词常见的有:advise,allow,ask,command,encourage, forbid,force,invite,require,order,persuade,cause,call on,wait for,show, how,teach/teach how,tell/tell how等。 动词十宾语+不带to的不定式:Did you notice anyone take away my raincoat? 后接“宾语十不带to的不定式”的动词常见的有:feel,see,hear,let,have,make,watch,listen to, notice,observe等。注意: feel十宾语+to be的不定式时, to不可省略。 let变为被动态,而后面要接to的不定式时,to可保留也可省略。 have,notice,watch不用于被动语态。 see,hear,make,listen to, notice,observe变为被动态时,后面须要改接带to的不定式: That made us wait for five years. >>> We were made to wait for five hours. 不定式作定语 不定式作定语时,通常放在被修饰的名词之后,往往表示将要发生的行为 ... ...

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