备战2018高考英语一轮复习专题讲解（句法部分）主谓一致

主谓一致 英语中主谓一致是指句中的谓语动词和主语在人称和数上保持一致。在做涉及主谓一致的练习时,同学们有时会觉得顾此失彼。究其原因,往往是没有把握住主语的真正内涵,考虑不周全。笔者对此问题作一总结,供同学们参考。一般来说,主谓一致要遵循以下三个原则: 一、语法一致原则 主谓一致是指句子的主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致。 (1)主语后面有as well as, with, together, along with, but, like, except, including等非并列连接性短语时, 谓语动词不受该短语中名词数的影响, 仍和主语在人称和数上保持一致。例如: No one except two boys was late for school. There was a bill along with the parcel. The teacher as well as the students likes this painting. (2)由and或both.…and连接的名词作复合主语时, 谓语动词用复数形式。例如: The red rose and the white rose are very beautifu1. Both bread and butter were sold out in that shop. 但要注意, 如果连接的两个名词表示同一概念, 即指同一个人或物时(其特征是and后的名词没有任何冠词), 则主语表示单数意义。例如: The secretary and principal of the schoo1 was present at the meeting. The writer and poet has decided to be on holiday in Guilin. (3)在each.…and each..., every ...and every..., no...and...后分别跟单数名词作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式。例如: There is no sound and no voice in the reading room. In China every man and every woman has the right to vote on this problem. (4) either, each, neither或no +单数名词以及由no, some, any, every等 构成的复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词都用单数形式。例如: Is everyone here today Each of us has a new book. Neither is correct. 需要说明的是：在口语中,如果either, neither和none后面有 "of +复数名词/代词" 作主语时, 动词用单数或复数形式均可。例如: Neither of them is/are correct. None of the doctors have/has been to the Great Wall. 但要注意 "none of+单数名词" 作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式。 (5) 动词不定式、动名词或名词性从句作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式。例如: To say is one thing, to do is another. Seeing is believing. What he has done is right. 但由what引导的主语从句作主语时, 如果其表语是复数形式, 谓语动词通常用复数形式。例如: What he took with him were three books. (6) many a后接单数名词时, 谓语动词用单数形式。例如: Many a pilot was killed in the air raid. (7)由a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest/majority of +名词,以及由 "分数或百分数+名词" 等构成的短语作主语时, 其谓语动词的单、复数形式则要根据名词的单、复数而定。例如: Two-thirds of the profit was made on that deal. The rest of the students are boys. Two percent of the students in our class are boys. There is still lots of water in the lake. (8)在倒装句中, 谓语动词的数应与其后的主语保持一致。例如: On the desk are many different books. Such are the facts. There goes the bell. 二、就近一致原则 如果句子有两个或两个以上的主语时, 谓语动词的单复数形式是根据靠近它的主语的单复数来确定的。它主要用于下列情形: ⑴由or, either...or..., neither...nor, not only...but also..., not...but...等连接并列主语时。例如: Not only he but also I don't know of the matter. Not only I but also he doesn't know of the matter. Either he or his classmates are going to Guilin today. (2)在 "there be ..." 句 ... ...