高一升高二衔接第二讲

DSE 金牌英语专题系列 专题系列第二讲
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句子成分 现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。 【主语(subject)】主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。主语可由名词、代词、表示。例如： The girl is pretty.（名词） We often speak English in class.（代词）
变式拓展1 指出下列句中主语的中心词 ① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. ② There is an old man coming here. ③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. 【谓语(predicate)】谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。例如： They are teachers. She looks well. He studies hard. He laughed at his classmates. He can speak English.
变式拓展2 选出句中谓语的中心词 ① I don\'t like the picture on the wall. A. don\'t B. like C. picture D. wall ② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer ③ Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C.go D. bus ④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon. A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon ⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? A.Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast ⑥ Tom didn\'t do his homework yesterday. A. Tom B. didn\'t C. do D. his homework ⑦ What I want to tell you is this. A. want B. to tell C. you D. is ⑧ We had better send for a doctor. A. We B. had C. send D. doctor ⑨ He is interested in music. A. is B. interested C. in D. music ⑩ Whom did you give my book to? A. give B.did C. whom D. book 【宾语(object)】宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如： She plays the piano.（名词） He often helps me.（代词） I like watching TV.（动名词短语） She likes to go to shop this afternoon.（不定式短语）
变式拓展3 挑出下列句中的宾语 ① My brother hasn\'t done his homework. ② People all over the world speak English. ③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. ④ How many new words did you learn last class? ⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? ⑥ They made him monitor of the class. ⑦ Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left. 【宾语补足语(object complement)】在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思．它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用． 它可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，现在分词和过去分词充当．例如： If you let me go, I’ll make you king.（名词） Leave the door open.（形容词） We found John out when we arrived.（副词） Make yourself at home.（介词短语） I saw him enter the hall.（不定式短语） The boss keeps them working all day.（现在分词） ... ...